Snøhetta作品 | 法国巴鲁德庇护所

2024年5月，Snohetta提出的巴鲁德庇护所（Refuge de Barroude）重建方案赢得竞赛，将为法国比利牛斯山登山路线（Haute Route des Pyrénées）的徒步旅行者打造全新的驿站休憩之地。重建之后的巴鲁德庇护所，也将成为法国比利牛斯山国家公园（Pyrenees National Park）的服务接待中心。

Nestling in a UNESCO World Heritage site in the heart of the Pyrenees National Park, the project to rebuild the Barroude mountain refuge follows the accidental fire that destroyed the old refuge ten years ago. The building will provide a new stop-off point for hikers on the Haute Route des Pyrénées, as well as a new reception and support centre for National Park staff. 

1997年，法国比利牛斯山国家公园被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。十年前，一场意外火灾将公园中的巴鲁德庇护所烧毁。Snøhetta的重建方案致力于保护比利牛斯山国家公园内的动植物。朴实而现代的设计，在服务与欢迎徒步旅行者的同时，也积极限制建筑在巴鲁德圆形谷（Cirque de Barroude）自然遗址中的生态足迹。设计围绕两个主要功能区展开：对外开放的公共空间，如：接待区、餐厅、洗手间和宿舍，以及庇护所和国家公园工作人员的办公区域。

Designed in a sober and yet modern way to preserve the fauna and flora of the Pyrenees National Park, the new refuge will welcome hikers while limiting the building's environmental footprint on the Cirque de Barroude natural site. The general layout is based around two main functional areas. On the one hand, a set of areas open to the public, including the reception areas, dining room, toilets and dormitories, and on the other, a set of private areas reserved for the refuge warden and the staff of the Pyrenees National Park. 

在宏伟壮丽的大自然面前，人类须持谦逊之态，常怀敬畏之心。巴鲁德庇护所的重建方案，旨在尊重和保留周边自然环境的完整性，成为旅途上可以安全停留的庇护场所。Snøhetta希望重新建后的庇护所可以巧妙地平衡建筑的存在感、与自然的融入度。设计方案的概念源于“terrier”（意为“土地”）和“cairn”（意为“堆石”）。前者唤起融合、温暖与安全之感，后者勾勒出由自然元素所构筑的地标建筑。“terrier”和“cairn”在建筑语境中的相得益彰，共同构筑了比利牛斯山脉的新避风港。庇护所从比利牛斯的自然景观之中蜿蜒而生，石、木和铝的材料并置，又形成了鲜明的对比。

The concept for the new Barroude refuge is based on the desire to provide a safe haven for hikers while preserving the integrity and majesty of its natural surroundings. In this grandiose setting, where the human presence must remain humble, the project's concept strikes a delicate balance between integration and visibility. This conceptual approach is based on two key words, the Terrier and the Cairn. The first evokes integration, warmth and security. The second a destination, a landmark built from the natural elements of the mountains. These two words come together and complement each other in an architecture that appears to curl up in the thicknesses of the topography and landscape, but whose materiality of stone, wood and aluminium provides a contrast that signals a protective haven in the heart of the Pyrenean peaks.

巴鲁德庇护所的重建将在原址上进行，位于当地特有动植物保护区之外。建筑的位置与设计充分利用现有地形的优势，无需过度进行土木工程，即可建造两层楼高的栖居空间。Snøhetta在设计上应用生物气候学原理，塑造出结构紧凑的建筑空间，减少外立面的暴露面积，巧妙地融入巴鲁德圆形谷的自然景观之中。建筑的双向设计也有利于自然通风。大面积的绿化屋顶随着山形地貌的轮廓而自然舒展。外立面采用回收铝材，以减少盛行风所带来地影响。

Situated on the site of the former refuge, the building is located outside the zones where the endemic flora and fauna are protected. The position was carefully chosen to take advantage of the existing topography, enabling two levels of refuge to be created without the need for excessive earthworks. With its bioclimatic architectural design, the refuge is a compact structure that minimises the amount of facade exposed to the elements and blends perfectly into the landscape of the Barroude cirque. The building's dual orientation also encourages natural ventilation. The refuge is characterised by its large planted roof, which follows the lines of the landscape, and its protective envelope made of recycled aluminium, which shelters the outside spaces from the prevailing winds.

庇护所的空间布局分为两部分：面朝圆形谷和巴鲁德湖的起居空间，以及面向山脊的朝北房间。这种布局有效合理化了内部空间的隐私程度，由开放的餐厅、厨房等公共空间，逐步过渡到私密的住宿空间。

The layout of the refuge is organised into two main areas: the living spaces, open onto the cirque surroundings and Lake Barroude, and the bedrooms, positioned to the north, facing the ridge. This layout makes it possible to manage the degree of privacy of the site, with a progression from the most open, the communal areas such as the the dining hall and kitchen, to the most protected, the dormitories for hikers and wardens. 

巴鲁德庇护所提供不同类型的住宿房型。可供登山者使用的有八人间和六人间宿舍。冬季宿舍为八人间，房型小巧而温馨，位于低层，方便出入。除此以外，庇护所还设有其他房间，供管理人员及国家公园维护人员使用。室内的空间明亮而温暖，以室外辽阔的自然风光为画布背景，围绕共同栖居和集体记忆而展开。

The dormitories at the Barroude refuge offer several types of accommodation. The winter dormitory, on the lower ground floor with direct access from outside, is exclusively for hikers and Park staff spending the night at the refuge. For hikers, there are 8- and 6-person dormitories, as well as 8-person dormitories adapted for winter use, each offering compact but cosy accommodation. In addition to the hikers' dormitories, the refuge has rooms for the warden, his assistants and Park maintenance staff. The design of the interior spaces encourages "living together" by offering a friendly, light-filled environment with views of the wider landscape.

庇护所的立面和结构分别采用回收铝材和回收木材。这不仅推广了低碳建材的使用，也最大程度地推动了结构预制，从而减少材料的重量及空运次数，简化在地施工及安装。远远望去，巴鲁德庇护所的建筑结构仿佛轻轻“掠过”地面，与自然景观相互融合。这也意味着现场的土木工程和混凝土基础也将保持在最低限度，施工周期可以缩短至两个季度。

The shelter's shell and structure are made of recycled wood and aluminium respectively. The aim is not only to promote the use of low-carbon materials, but also to maximise the prefabrication of the structure, thereby reducing the weight, on-site installation and helicopter rotations required to transport the materials. On-site earthworks and concrete foundations are also kept to a minimum, as the structure "skims" the existing ground. Not only does this mean that the structure can be fully reversed and optimally integrated into the environment, it also means that the construction period can be reduced to two seasons.

地基的建设采用当地石材，融入山貌的同时，也保留了景观的天然性。在地材料的使用不但加强了建筑与当地的联系，也有助于减少由运输而产生的碳足迹。庇护所的整体造型与周围的地形轮廓相互呼应、相互融合。绿化屋顶延伸了动植物的栖息地，也描绘出山形地貌与建筑结构之间的自然过渡，建筑与自然融为一体。

Local stone is planned for the base, ensuring perfect integration into the mountainous context and preserving the authenticity of the landscape. The choice of local stone also strengthens the link with the region and helps to reduce the carbon footprint associated with transporting materials. The shape of the refuge is inspired by the natural contours and topography of the surrounding area. The planted roof provides an extension of the flora and fauna, while creating a fluid transition between the architecture and the mountain landscape, where the lines of the refuge merge with the natural relief, reinforcing the feeling of unity with nature.

建筑的紧凑性也是减少碳足迹的关键因素。通过限制建筑的物理足迹，庇护所最大限度地减少了供暖与制冷的能源消耗，保护了周围的自然环境。Snøhetta将高效的能源管理也融入了设计方案之中。太阳能及生物质供暖、热水系统的运用，减少了对化石燃料的依赖，尽可能地减少了温室气体的排放。此外，通过光伏板而产生的可再生电力，也有助于减少碳足迹。饮用水来自附近的天然泉水，储存于水箱之内。废水处理则通过渗透原理，不会对环境产生影响。

The compactness of the building is also a key factor in reducing its carbon footprint. By limiting the building's physical footprint, the refuge minimises energy consumption for heating and cooling, while preserving the surrounding natural environment. Efficient energy management is also built into the design. Solar and biomass heating and hot water systems are installed to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and minimise greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the use of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity helps to reduce the refuge's carbon footprint. Drinking water is supplied by a tank storing water from a nearby spring, and waste water is treated by infiltration, with no impact on the environment.

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