1.ask
A.问 1) vt. May I ask you a question?
2) vi. Tom went to ask about the train.
B.要求；请求；征求 vt. He asked Joe to get in touch with them.
C.习语
ask about…询问、打听
ask for…请求、找某人、要求
2.break
vt. A. 打破、打碎、打断 Who broke the window into pieces?
B.违反 He often breaks his promise/his word/ the law/ the rule.
C.习语
break away from sb.脱离、离开、背弃
break down 中断、粉碎、发生故障、（身体）跨了、（机器）坏了
break in闯进、打断
break into…闯入、侵占
break off折断、突然中断
break out爆发
break through…突破
break sb’s heart使某人心碎
3.bring
A. vt. 带来、拿来（由远而近） Bring me the paper, please.
B.习语
bring…about造成、导致
bring… down打落（飞机、禽鸟等）、降低（物价、温度等）
bring… forward提出
bring…in引进、介绍、收获
bring…to an end/ a stop/ a close使终止、结束
bring…up养育、呕吐
4.catch
A. vt. 抓住、逮住、挂住 He caught my hand and held it tightly.
B.赶上、搭上 We’ll hurry and catch the 10:30 bus.
C.听懂 Pease repeat it. I didn’t quite catch you.
D.染上 He caught a bad flu.
E.（出其不意地）撞上、碰上 She caught him smoking.
Hurry up and don’t get caught in a storm.
G.习语
catch/get/seize/take hold of…（突然）抓住、抓
catch up with…赶上…
5.come
A. vi.来Here comes the soup.
逐渐 He has come to realize the importance of good English.
B. link v. His dream finally came true.
C.习语
come across…偶遇；偶尔发现
come (in) first/second得第一/二
come forward 前进；自告奋勇；涌现
come in/ into sight出现；被看见
come into effect/ force开始生效；开始实施
come into power/ office上台；掌握政权
come into use 开始使用
come off脱落；发生
come out长出来；出版
come to …总计；谈到
His earnings comes to $182,000 a year.
When it comes to football, everyone likes David Beckham.
6．do
A. aux. v.
(1) 帮助构成一般过去时或一般现在时的疑问或否定式
They do not believe it.
When did they arrive there?
(2) 用在肯定句和祈使句中加强语气
I do miss you, Mum.
She does sing well.
So she did come after all.
(3) 用来表示前边提到的动作（以免重复）
---May I come round in the evening? ---Yes, please do.
I knew he would help us, and he did.
(4) 用于某些倒装句中
Only then did I realize he had been wrong.
Never did he know anything about it.
B. 做 vt. We often do our homework together.
C. vi.(1) 表示生活、学习等情况How do you do?
(2) 行了、够了、可以Talking with your mouth full won’t do.
One piece of bread will do.
(3) 做、办When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D.习语
do…with…处理 What have you done with my bike?
do sb. a favor=do a favor for sb.帮某人个忙
do sb. good/harm/wrong= do good/harm/wrong to sb. 对某人有益/有害/冤枉某人
do …up包扎、扣（纽扣）
do without…没有…也行、不需要
have something to do with…与…有关
7.expect
1. vt. 期待、预料、等待
Is this the letter you have been expecting?
I expect you to make more progress.
You arrived earlier than we had expected.
2.习语
as (is/ was/ has been) expected不出所料
They came late again, as was expected.
expect too much of sb.对某人期待过高
8.feel感觉、觉得
A. (1) vt摸He felt the pot and it felt very hot.
(2) link v. The desk feels smooth.
(3) vt. 接复合宾语
I felt someone go upstairs.
She felt their eyes watching her when she came to the stage.
I felt it my duty to help you.
He felt it necessary to talk about his own shortcomings.
(4) vt. 宾语从句
He felt strongly that we should take some action about the bad practice.
B.习语
feel like doing sth.想要
feel one’s way摸索前进
9.find
A. vt. (1) 发现
I found a wallet on the street corner yesterday.
I find it interesting to read these stories.= I find that it is interesting to =read these stories.
(2) 找到 Have you found the book you have been looking for?
B.习语
find…out查清楚；弄明白；了解；打听
find fault with sb. 对某人吹毛求疵；挑剔
He found himself walking in the direction to the park.他发现自己不知不觉地在往公园方向走.
10.get
A. vt.得到、弄来 Where did you get these good ideas?
B.习语
get along进展、过活、相处
get away from…避免、摆脱、离开
get…back收回、找回
get down to (business/ work/ studies)认真做
get to know/ realize/love/like逐渐地了解/爱上
get off起飞、下车、出发
get on…上车/船/飞机等；继续进行；相处
get over…克服、摆脱
get rid of…消灭、摆脱、除掉
get through…做完、结束；看完、用完
get together聚会、联欢
get up起床、举办
11.give vt. 给 Who is going to give the talk?
He was given a good beating last night.
习语
give…away泄露、送掉、分配
give…back归还、报复
give in屈服、让步
give…in交上
give…off放出、发出（光、热、气味等）
give up放弃、投降
give way to sb.让步；让位于
As winter gave way to spring, days were getting longer.
give sb. a hand帮某人忙
give rise to导致
12.go
A. vi. 走Pride goes before a fall.
B. link v.Don’t ever eat the bread. It has gone bad.
C.习语
go after…设法得到；追求
go back to…追溯到 This custom goes back to Roman times.
go up增长；提高
go off爆炸；（电、水等）停掉
go ahead继续进行；去做吧
go in for喜爱；从事
go on发生；持续
go on to do sth.接着做（另一件事情）
go on doing sth.继续做（同一件事情）
go on with sth. .继续做（同一件事情，可以有间隔）
go out熄灭；过时
go over sth.浏览；复习；审阅
go through…经历；检查；
go shopping/ fishing/ skiing/ skating/ begging/ boating/ swimming/ fox hunting/ sightseeing/ mountain climbing
go from bad to worse每况愈下
go from door to door
be gone丢了；走了；一去不复返
Gone are the days when we studied together happily.
have a go试一下
go out of one’s way to do sth. 不辞辛劳去做…….
go well with…与……相配/协调
go without…不吃/用……过日子
Sometimes they went for days without washing their faces.
13.have
句型1 have sb./ sth. do sth. Let’s have them stand facing the wall.
句型2 have sb./ sth. doing We had the fire burning all night.
句型3 have sb./ sth. done I will have my radio fixed.
He had his wallet stolen.
句型4 have sth. to do I have a letter to write.
句型5 have to do sth. I have to get up early every day.
习语:与动词同行的名词连用，表示动作：have a talk with…
have a look/ glance/ glimpse at
have a meeting/ discussion/ operation/ haircut
have an English lesson
have a swim/ wash/ rest/ try/ smoke/ taste/ dream/ walk
have a cold/ cough/ headache/ pain have lunch/ some beer
have a good/pleasant/ tough/ bad/ hard/ difficult terrible time
have fun
have a word/a few words with sb./ have words with sb.
have something/ nothing/ a lot to do with…
have sth. on
had better (not) do sth.
have something with sb.随身携带
have a baby
have a test/ talk/ speech/ lecture/ chat
have had enough of厌倦
14.help
A. vt. 帮助 They did everything they could to help us with our lessons.
B. vi. 有帮助；有用；好用 This medicine won’t help.
help sb. with sth. 帮助做
help sb. out of trouble帮助某人脱离困境
can’t help doing sth.禁不住……
help sb. out帮助结局难题； 帮助摆脱困境；救出
turn to sb. for help求助于……
be of help有帮助；有用
15.hold
A. vt.拿着；握着 Holding my hand, he tried to calmed me down.
容纳 How much water can the tank hold?
拥有；占有 He held the position for years.
举行 Chinese film weeks will be held in other places.
B.习语
hold…back阻碍；忍住；保留
hold…down 控制； 镇压
hold on坚持下去；（电话）别挂
hold out坚持到底；维持；伸出
hold…up举起；耽搁；耽误
The storm held us up, so we were late for the meeting.
16.keep
A. vt.
(1)保留 I’ll keep a seat for you.
(2)养活；饲养 He has a large family to keep. He keeps some chicken.
(3)使……处在……状态
Sorry to have kept you waiting.
You must keep us well informed.
B. link v. 保持
We must keep fit.=We must keep in good health.
Keep calm in time of danger.
C.习语
keep a record of登记；记录
keep a secret保密
keep one’s promise/word履行诺言
keep the law/rule遵守法律/法规
keep away不接近；避开
keep sb. doing sth. 使…….坚持做
keep silence保持安静；保持沉默
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止；使免于；抑制
keep doing sth. 继续做；不断地做
keep sb. company与某人做伴； 陪伴某人
keep in touch with…与保持联系
keep up with…跟上
17.know
A. vt.(1)知道, 懂得
I have known him since childhood.
Do you know Japanese?
B.习语
be known as…通称为；以著称；被认为是
be known for…因而出名
be known to sb.为某人所了解
It is well known that…众所周知
know about/ of了解；知道
know/learn …by heart背诵
18.leave
A. vi.离开；离去
He left in a hurry without telling anyone.
When are you leaving?
B. vt.(1)留下
She asked us to leave our address.
(2)使处在某种状态
He left the window open.
(3)剩下
We have only three months left.
C.习语
leave…alone放任不管
leave…behind留下；遗下
leave …out省去；遗漏
19.let
A. vt.让 She doesn’t let her child play with fire.
B.用于祈使句
Let’s go to the Summer Palace, shall we?
Let Peter do the job, will you?
C.习语
let…alone不干涉；听之任之；更不必说 the baby can’t even walk, let alone run.
let…down使……失望;放下
let…go释放；松手
Let go of me!
20.look
A. vi. 看
He looked happily at his great grandchildren playing about him.
B. link v.看起来 He looks cheerful and carefree.
C.习语
have/take a look a…看一看
look about四下环顾
look after…照看；目送
look ahead考虑未来；预做准备
look as if…似乎；好象
look at…看
look away from…转移目光
look back回头看
look back on/ upon…回忆；回顾
look down on/ upon…俯视；蔑视
look for…寻找
look forward to doing sth. 期待；展望
look into…窥视；调查
look like…看起来像
look on旁观
look on A as B 认为A是B
look out向外看； 注意；警戒
look over审阅； 翻阅
look through…透过……看去; 彻底调查；从头看到底
look up to sb. 尊敬/仰望某人
look up仰视；胸怀大志
look sth. up查阅
look sb. in the eye/ face直视某人
21.make
A. vt.(1)做；制造 Cell phones are made in this factory.
(2)和表示动作的名词连用，表示动作或活动
make a study of= study make use of= use
make an examination of= examine make an explanation of= explain
make a fool of=fool make fun of
make a suggestion= suggest make an attempt= attempt
make an answer= answer make a decision=decide
make preparations for=prepare for make a guess at=guess
make a speech make arrangements
(3)使（做）；使（成为）
He made us work day and night.
We were made to work day and night.
We made you our monitor.
This machine makes it possible for us to finish the work in a short time.
He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.(规定)
(4)有条件成为
She will make a good housewife.
Cold tea makes an excellent drink in summer.
B.习语
be made from由……原料制成 be made of由……材料制成
be made out of由……制成 be made up of由……所组成
be made into被制成…… be made to do sth. 被迫去做
make oneself understood/heard使自己被理解/听到
make out理解；看清楚；辨认
make up弥补；补偿；起草；捏造；化装；构成，占；言归于好，和解
make a living谋生
make bed铺床
make ends meet应付开支；维持生活；使收支相抵
make friends with与……交朋友
make one’s way to sp.向……走去
make room/ way for为……让路
make sure一定要；保证做到；核实
Make sure that you get there in time.
make the best/most of尽量利用；充分利用
make up one’s mind决心；决定
to make a long story short长话短说
make sb.’s hair stand on end使……毛骨悚然
make a fire生火
22.put
A. vt. 放 He put the book where he found it.
B.习语
put an end/a stop to sth.结束；消灭
put…aside把放在一边；抛弃；积蓄
put…away把收起来；储存备用；
put…back把放回原处；拨回（钟表的指针等）
put…down放下；镇压；记下；削减
put…forward提出；建议；拨快（钟表的指针等）
put…off推迟；延期；脱（衣服等）
put…on穿上；增加（体重等）；上演
put…out放出；熄灭；出版；生产
put through…完成；
put A through to B把A接通B（电话）
put…up举起；挂起；搭起；上演；陈列；张贴
put up with…忍受
put…into English把翻译成英语
put sth. in order使井井有条
23.run
A. vi. (1)跑 They came running to meet us.
(2)行驶 The train was running at 80 miles an hour.
(3)流 All the rivers will run into the sea.
We mustn’t let the water run to waste.
His nose is running all day because he has a bad cold.
B. vt. 管理；经营 They have run six factories.
He runs the school well.
C. link v. 变得 The river began to run dry.
D.习语
run a fever发高烧
run after sb./ sth.追求
run away逃跑
run for…竞选
run into…邂逅；偶遇
run out（某物）用完
run out of…用完（某物）
run short（某物）短缺
run short of…短缺（某物）
run a risk冒险
run across…邂逅；偶遇
run ahead of…领先于
24.set
A. vi. 下落
It will be cooler when the sun has set.
B. vt.
(1)放置；摆设
She set the dish on the table.
Let’s set the clock by the radio signal.
(2)规定；确定
He set a strict rule for himself.
Have they set the time for the meeting?
C.习语
set about doing sth.= set out to do sth.开始做
set an example做出榜样
set…aside拨出；积蓄；不理会
set fire to sth.= set sth. on fire放火烧
set foot in…进入；踏上
set off动身
set…off燃放（鞭炮、烟花等）；引起
set out动身；出发
set…up立起来；成立；修建
25.show
A. vt. (1)拿给人看 Show me your ticket, please!
(2)说明；表明 Her eyes showed that she was lying.
(3)表现；显露 He showed courage in face of danger.
(4)放映；展出 A new film is being shown at this cinema.
(5)带领I’ll show you into my room.
B.习语
show off炫耀；表现自己
show up出现；出席
26.speak
A. vi.说；发言 He spoke at the meeting yesterday.
B. vt.说 She speaks good French.
C.习语
speak out大胆讲出来
speak up坦率说出自己的看法；说话大声些
speak highly/well/highly/ill/badly of…称赞/非议
generally/strictly/broadly/roughly/frankly speaking=to speak generally, etc.一般来说，严格地讲，广义地讲，严格地讲，老实地说
27.take
A. vt. (1)拿 Taking a sheet of paper, she began to write.
(2)带（往某处） After that she took us to Rome.
(3)吃、喝、吸 He took some medicine.
(4)乘坐 They took a taxi home.
(5)采取，接受，选择 He took a doctor’s degree.
After lots of thinking, she took the job.
(6)测量；照（像）；记录Let me take your blood pressure.
We took a few pictures of the hill.
(7)对待；接受 You cannot take this too seriously.
(8)需要 How long does it take to finish washing these dishes?
B.习语
take a chance碰碰运气
take one’s seat坐下；就座
take advantage of利用；占便宜
take…apart拆开；拆卸
take part in…参加
take A as B当成
take…back收回
take…away拿开
take…by surprise突然袭击
take care 当心
take care of…照顾；
take charge of…负责
take delight/ pleasure/ interest /pride in…喜欢、以……自豪
take effect生效
take A for B=take A to be B认为A是B
take…for granted视为当然，想必是
Some students take it for granted that English is easy to learn.
take hold of…抓住；握住
take…in订阅；欺骗；领会；接（活干）
take…into consideration把……纳入考虑范围内
take it easy别紧张；放开些；放松些
take…off脱掉；起飞；打折扣
take office上任；就职
take on…雇佣；呈现
take one’s time从容从事；慢慢来
take pains/trouble to do sth.不辞辛劳地做
take place发生；举行
take the place of…代替
take turns to do sth.= take turns in doing sth.轮流做
take…up拿起；从事；接受；占（时间、空间、注意力等）
28.think
A. vi.想，思考
Give me some time to think.
B. vt.认为
I think the book worth reading again.
I think it a great honor to speak here.
C.习语
think about…考虑
think of…想到；想起；为着想；打算
This picture made us think of the days in the army.
think of A as B认为A是B
think…over仔细考虑
think twice before…要三思后再……
29.turn
A. vi. 转弯，转身,转动
The planet turns round the sun.
B. link v.变得
Her face turned pale at the news.
Later he turned doctor.
D.习语
turn a deaf ear to sth. 不听；不理睬
turn…away转变方向；（转脸）不睬；打发走
turn back转过身来；赶回去
turn…down拒绝；驳回；旋小
turn out证明是，结果是
The day turned out fine.
It turned out that he had never been there.
turn…over移交；打翻；翻阅
I turned over the keys to Mr. Smith.
turn to sb. for help/advice求助于
turn to…翻到
turn…up旋大；查（字典等）
turn…upside down/ inside out颠倒， 翻过来
30.work
A. vi. （1）工作 He was forced to work from morning till night.
(2)（机器等）开动 Soon the machine workd a gain smoothly.
(3)(办法、计划等)行得通，进行（情况） His method worked.
It’s a good idea, but it won’t work.
B.习语
work at…干（某活动），研究等 She is busy working a new invention.
work on…从事 We’re working on some wood-cuts.
work…out制订；想出；计算
work on…对起作用
