本文演示了 20 个可行的技巧,以增强开发流程并确保可靠、可扩展的解决方案。
1. 利用 Docker 进行一致的部署
使用 Dockerfile 为您的 .NET 应用程序创建一致的环境:
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:8.0 AS base
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0 AS build
WORKDIR /src
COPY ["MyApp/MyApp.csproj", "MyApp/"]
RUN dotnet restore "MyApp/MyApp.csproj"
COPY . .
WORKDIR "/src/MyApp"
RUN dotnet build "MyApp.csproj" -c Release -o /app/build
FROM build AS publish
RUN dotnet publish "MyApp.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publish
FROM base AS final
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=publish /app/publish .
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "MyApp.dll"]
2. 实施持续集成 (CI)
用于生成和测试 .NET 应用程序的 GitHub Actions 工作流示例:
name: .NET Build and Test
on:
push:
branches: [ main ]
pull_request:
branches: [ main ]
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Setup .NET
uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
with:
dotnet-version: '8.0'
- name: Restore dependencies
run: dotnet restore
- name: Build
run: dotnet build --no-restore
- name: Test
run: dotnet test --no-build
3. 持续部署 (CD) 策略
扩展 CI 管道以包括到 Azure 应用服务的部署:
- name: Deploy to Azure
run: az webapp deploy --name <app-name> --resource-group <resource-group> --src-path ./MyApp/bin/Release/net8/publish/
4. 数据库迁移管理
使用 Entity Framework Core 自动迁移:
dotnet ef migrations add InitialCreate
dotnet ef database update
5. 使用 Application Insights 进行监控和遥测
在 中配置 Application Insights :Program.cs
builder.Services.AddApplicationInsightsTelemetry("YOUR_INSTRUMENTATION_KEY");
6. 运行状况检查和负载均衡
在您的应用程序中实施运行状况检查:
builder.Services.AddHealthChecks(); // Add this in your Program.cs
app.MapHealthChecks("/health"); // Map health checks endpoin
t
7. 自动数据库备份
使用 SQL Server 代理或 Azure 中的脚本自动备份:
builder.Services.AddHealthChecks(); // Add this in your Program.cs
app.MapHealthChecks("/health"); // Map health checks endpoint
8. 安全最佳实践
在 中强制执行 HTTPS 重定向 :Startup.cs
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
app.UseHttpsRedirection(); // Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
}
9. 实施 API 版本控制
管理不同版本的 API 以确保向后兼容性:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddApiVersioning(options => {
options.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0);
options.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true;
options.ReportApiVersions = true;
});
}
10. 文档和变更管理
使用 Swagger 等工具更新 API 文档:
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();
app.UseSwagger();
app.UseSwaggerUI(c => {
c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "My API V1");
});
11. 优化 Docker 镜像
通过多阶段构建和删除不必要的文件来最小化 Docker 镜像大小:
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0 AS build
WORKDIR /src
COPY ["MyApp.csproj", "./"]
RUN dotnet restore "MyApp.csproj"
COPY . .
RUN dotnet publish "MyApp.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publish --no-restore
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:8.0 AS runtime
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app/publish .
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "MyApp.dll"]
12. 使用环境变量进行配置
通过环境变量管理设置和配置,以将敏感数据排除在代码之外:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
var mySetting = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("MY_SETTING");
// Use mySetting in your application
}
13. 使用 Serilog 实现日志记录
设置 Serilog 以获得高级日志记录功能:
var logger = new LoggerConfiguration()
.ReadFrom.Configuration(configuration)
.Enrich.FromLogContext()
.WriteTo.Console()
.CreateLogger();
builder.Logging.ClearProviders();
builder.Logging.AddSerilog(logger);
14. 高效扩展应用程序
使用 Kubernetes 或可缩放的平台(如 Azure 应用服务)来管理应用程序缩放:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: myapp-deployment
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myapp
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myapp
spec:
containers:
- name: myapp
image: myapp:latest
15. 使用加密保护数据
利用 .NET 中的数据保护 API 加密敏感数据:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddDataProtection();
}
public class MyService
{
private readonly IDataProtector _protector;
public MyService(IDataProtectionProvider provider)
{
_protector = provider.CreateProtector("MyPurpose");
}
public string EncryptData(string input)
{
return _protector.Protect(input);
}
public string DecryptData(string encryptedData)
{
return _protector.Unprotect(encryptedData);
}
}
16. 使用代码质量工具
实施 SonarQube 等代码质量工具以保持高标准的代码质量:
sonarqube:
build:
script:
- dotnet sonarscanner begin /k:"project-key" /d:sonar.host.url="https://sonarqube.example.com"
- dotnet build
- dotnet sonarscanner end
17. 使用配置提供程序进行动态设置
利用 .NET 中的各种配置源动态管理设置:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Configuration.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");
builder.Configuration.AddEnvironmentVariables();
18. 数据库连接弹性
使用 Entity Framework Core 实现连接复原能力:
services.AddDbContext<MyDbContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlServer(
configuration.GetConnectionString("MyDatabase"),
sqlServerOptionsAction: sqlOptions =>
{
sqlOptions.EnableRetryOnFailure(
maxRetryCount: 5,
maxRetryDelay: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),
errorNumbersToAdd: null);
}));
19. 结构化日志记录
使用 Serilog 实现结构化日志记录以增强日志的可读性和实用性:
Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration()
.Enrich.FromLogContext()
.WriteTo.Console(new RenderedCompactJsonFormatter())
.CreateLogger();
20. 高级应用程序指标
使用 Prometheus 和 Grafana 对应用程序指标进行高级监控和可视化:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddPrometheusMetrics();
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
app.UsePrometheusServer();
app.UsePrometheusRequestMiddleware();
}
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