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DHL集团旗下的环球货运单元——DHL Global Forwarding（以下简称DHL），近期发表了一项重要见解：随着企业界致力于构建更加灵活与坚韧的供应链体系，公路货运在东南亚地区的角色将愈发举足轻重。
在一篇名为《驶向未来的高速公路：探索东南亚公路货运的无限机遇》的全新白皮书中，DHL详细阐述了公路货运作为多元化联运解决方案中的核心要素，这一转变源于企业对于货物运输方式灵活性与适应性需求的日益增长。
DHL全球货运东南亚及南太平洋区域的领航者Thomas Tieber先生指出：“近年来，越南、泰国与马来西亚的出口表现尤为强劲，引领着区域经济的蓬勃发展。”他进一步强调，越南已成为东南亚地区最大的出口国，而马来西亚则凭借其半导体产业的蓬勃发展，巩固了其在全球产业链中的地位。
同时，泰国在汽车制造业，尤其是电动汽车领域，取得了显著进步。值得一提的是，位于素万那普机场自由区3的新DHL国际多式联运枢纽，不仅将极大提升泰国的物流效率，更有望将其打造为区域贸易的核心枢纽。
Tieber先生表示，这一枢纽的落成将极大地简化跨运输模式的货物操作流程，使得泰国对于寻求在东南亚地区拓展或转移生产线的企业而言，更具吸引力。他补充道：“尽管我们此前的白皮书聚焦于疫情期间公路货运的新兴应用，但本次白皮书则着重阐述了即便在全球空运与海运逐步恢复常态的背景下，公路货运依旧扮演着不可或缺的角色。”
报告还指出，越南、泰国、马来西亚及新加坡等国家，在互联互通方面将受益匪浅，无论是通过公路、航空还是海运，贸易往来都将更加便捷。此外，这些国家与全球主要经济体签订的诸多有利贸易协定，也为区域经济的繁荣增添了强劲动力。
在数字化与基础设施的双重推动下，东南亚地区的公路货运迎来了前所未有的发展机遇。DHL指出，构建弹性供应链已成为当务之急，这要求企业在安全、安保及稳定性方面实现更高的灵活性与透明度，实时掌握运输动态与路况信息。得益于东南亚地区先进的蜂窝网络技术，通过传感器与GPS系统的应用，公路货运实现了实时监控，为客户提供精准的货物位置与预计到达时间预测。
在全球企业纷纷寻求供应链多元化布局的同时，中国企业在东南亚地区的制造业基地也在不断扩大。据麦肯锡数据显示，2023年，中国在东南亚的投资额高达240亿美元，这进一步凸显了该区域作为全球制造业中心的重要地位，尤其是在柬埔寨、老挝、泰国及越南等市场。这些国家纷纷宣布或实施了针对物流基础设施的升级与扩建计划，为区域物流业的快速发展奠定了坚实基础。
DHL Global Forwarding东南亚公路货运及多式联运解决方案的掌舵人Bruno Selmoni先生表示：“这些投资旨在优化东南亚的铁路与公路基础设施，这意味着从中国运往东南亚的货物，相较于空运而言，通常更为经济且高效。
在此过程中，公路货运在多式联运解决方案中发挥着至关重要的作用。”他进一步指出：“与海运相比，多式联运能够显著缩短门到门的交付时间，且成本远低于空运。”
此外，DHL还提到，东南亚地区各国政府的积极举措为简化跨境运输提供了诸多便利。各国正携手解决边境问题，共同改善基础设施，简化通关程序。例如，东盟海关过境系统（ACTS）等项目的实施，旨在简化流程，减少文书工作。
2023年，东盟10个成员国的海关当局共同签署了《东盟授权经济运营商相互承认安排》（AAMRA），为成员国创造了一个更加一致与透明的贸易环境。
值得一提的是，亚洲地区正逐步向可持续道路货运转型。DHL援引国际数据公司的报告指出，到2026年，亚洲地区将有45%的组织在供应链中实施综合可持续发展战略。然而，货运（包括卡车、飞机、轮船及火车）约占全球温室气体排放量的8%，因此，实现这一目标需要托运人、汽车制造商与政府三方面共同努力。
Selmoni先生表示：“政府需制定合适的政策与基础设施规划，汽车制造商需提供可行的绿色运输方案，而我们这样的物流企业则需积极采纳这些创新解决方案。”
以DHL Global Forwarding为例，该公司在泰国曼谷推出了电动车队，旨在每年减少85000公斤的二氧化碳排放。这些电动车辆预计每月行驶超过28000公里，为客户运送约1000吨货物，展现了DHL在推动绿色物流方面的坚定决心。
Tieber先生总结道：“关于公路货运的讨论，如今已不再局限于其相关性与成本问题，而是更多地聚焦于基础设施与政策层面的挑战。这些挑战将为我们未来的道路铺设更加平坦的基石。然而，与此同时，我们的众多客户已深刻认识到，公路货运是其多式联运战略中不可或缺的一环。因此，包括DHL在内的物流企业必须积极适应并预测区域趋势，以引领行业的持续健康发展。”
DHL Global Forwarding (DHL), the freight specialist division of DHL Group, said that road freight would continue to play an increasingly important role in Southeast Asia as companies strive to build more resilient supply chains.
In a new white paper titled "Highway to the Future: Navigating the Road Freight Opportunities in Southeast Asia," DHL outlined the role of road freight as a single multimodal solution as businesses seek more agility and flexibility in transportation modes for their shipments.
"Over the last few years, we have seen strong export growth in Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia," said Thomas Tieber, CEO of DHL Global Forwarding Southeast Asia and South Pacific.
He noted that Vietnam is currently Southeast Asia's largest exporter, while Malaysia has strengthened its position as a semiconductor hub.
Meanwhile, Thailand has made great strides in automobility, particularly in the electric vehicles (EV) sector. The new DHL International Multimodal Hub at Suvarnabhumi Airport Free Zone 3 is also set to position Thailand as a regional trade hub.
Tieber noted that the hub will simplify the process of shipping goods through multiple modes of transport, making the country even more appealing to companies looking to expand or relocate parts of their production to Southeast Asia.
"While our last whitepaper focused on the emerging use of road freight during the pandemic, our new whitepaper highlights why it remains important even as we see air and ocean freight normalize globally," he added.
The report noted that countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore are set to benefit, especially with their connectivity options, as trade can happen through either road, air, or ocean.
These countries also have favourable trade agreements with major economies globally, DHL said.
DHL said the growing importance of building a resilient supply chain has called for greater agility and transparency with real-time visibility and insights into shipment statuses and road conditions amidst concerns about security, safety, and stability.
It noted that Southeast Asia's advanced cellular networks have enabled real-time monitoring of road freight via sensors and GPS units, providing customers with accurate predictions of cargo location and arrival times.
While global companies diversify their supply chains, Chinese companies are also expanding their manufacturing base in the region. According to McKinsey, in 2023, China's investment in Southeast Asia reached US$24 billion.
DHL said these investments highlight the region's growing importance as a global manufacturing hub, especially with markets such as Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.
These countries have announced or implemented improvements or expansions of transportation infrastructure that are vital for logistics.
"These investments into making rail or road infrastructure better in Southeast Asia means that it is often cheaper and faster than air to ship from China into Southeast Asia. Road freight plays an important role in a multimodal solution," said Bruno Selmoni, VP, Head of Road Freight and Multimodal Solutions, Southeast Asia, DHL Global Forwarding.
"Moving goods through a combination of transport modes can result in faster Door-to-Door (DTD) lead time compared to ocean freight, with substantially lower cost than air freight," he added.
Meanwhile, DHL said government initiatives in the Southeast Asia region have provided opportunities to streamline shipments across borders. Countries within the region are also attempting to resolve border issues, collaborate on improving infrastructure, and streamline procedures.
Initiatives, such as ASEAN's Customs Transit System (ACTS), aim to streamline processes and reduce paperwork further. In 2023, the Customs Administrations of all 10 ASEAN Member States collectively endorsed the ASEAN Authorized Economic Operator Mutual Recognition Arrangement (AAMRA) — which establishes a consistent and transparent trading environment within the member states.
DHL also noted the growing shift to sustainable road freight in Asia.
Citing a report by International Data Corporation, DHL pointed out that 45% of Asian-based organizations will operationalize integrated sustainability in the supply chain by 2026.
Freight transportation, including trucks, planes, ships, and trains, contributes approximately 8% of global greenhouse emissions.
However, achieving this requires aligned efforts from shippers, vehicle manufacturers and government roadmaps.
"Governments need to set the appropriate policies and infrastructure, automotive manufacturers need to give viable commercial options, and logistics players like us need to adopt these solutions," Selmoni said.
For instance, the statement said DHL Global Forwarding has recently launched a fleet of electric vehicles in Bangkok, Thailand, aimed at reducing CO2 emissions by 85,000 kilograms each year. These vehicles are expected to travel over 28,000 kilometres each month and deliver around 1,000 tons of shipments to customers.
"The discussion on road freight is now shifting away from its relevance and cost, but to other challenges on infrastructure and policies which will smoothen the road ahead. Yet, at the same time, many of our customers recognize road freight as a key component of their multimodal strategy. This is why it is essential for logistics firms, including DHL, to adapt and anticipate regional trends proactively," Tieber added.
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