襄王不许请隧
King Xiang Denied the Request for a Royal Tomb
晋文公既定襄王于郏，王劳之以地，辞，请隧焉。After Duke Wen of Jin had restored King Xiang to his throne in Jia, the king rewarded him with land. Duke Wen declined the offer and instead requested permission to be buried in a royal tomb.
晋文公使周襄王在郏邑恢复王位，襄王拿块土地酬谢他。晋文公辞谢，要求襄王允许他死后埋葬用天子的隧礼。
王弗许，曰：The king did not grant his request and said:
襄王不许，说：
“昔我先王之有天下也，规方千里，以为甸服，以供上帝山川百神之祀，以备百姓兆民之用，以待不庭、不虞之患。In ancient times, when our ancestral rulers reigned over the land, they designated an area of a thousand li square as the royal domain. This was for providing sacrifices to the Supreme Deity, mountains, rivers, and numerous gods, for preparing for the requirements of the common people and the multitude, and for being prepared against rebellions and unforeseen disasters.
“从前我先王掌管天下，划出方圆千里之地作为甸服，以供奉天帝和山川百神，以供应百姓兆民的用度，以防备诸侯不服朝廷或意外的患难。
其馀，以均分公、侯、伯、子、男，使各有宁宇，以顺及天地，无逢其灾害。先王岂有赖焉？The remaining land was evenly distributed among the dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts, and barons, ensuring that each had a peaceful domain. This was to maintain harmony with heaven and earth and to protect them from disasters. Did our ancestors rely on anything else?
其余的土地就平均分配给公侯伯子男，使人们各有地方安居，以顺应天地尊卑的法则，而不受灾害。先王还有什么私利呢？
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内官不过九御，外官不过九品，足以供给神祇而已，岂敢厌纵其耳目心腹，以乱百度？"The inner officials are limited to nine ranks, and the outer officials are limited to nine grades, sufficient to fulfill the requirements for honoring the deities and spirits; how dare they indulge their senses and desires to disrupt the established order?
他宫内女官只有九御，宫外官员只有九卿，足够供奉天地神灵而已，岂敢尽情满足他耳目心腹的嗜好而破坏各种法度？
亦唯是死生之服物采章，以临长百姓而轻重布之，王何异之有？”As the ruler, I only make distinctions in matters concerning life and death, attire, and patterns, and distribute them among the people according to their rank. What impact could this have on the king?
只有死后生前衣服用具的色彩花纹有所区别，以便君临天下、分别尊卑罢了。此外，天子还有什么不同？
“今天降祸灾於周室，余一人仅亦守府，又不佞以勤叔父，而班先王之大物以赏私德，其叔父实应且憎，以非余一人，余一人岂敢有爱也？'Heaven has now sent calamities upon the house of Zhou, and I, alone, am merely guarding the treasury. I am not worthy to serve my uncle in this manner, yet I distribute the great artifacts of the former kings to reward private virtues. My uncle should indeed detest this, as it is not for me alone. How dare I show favoritism?
现在上天降祸周朝，寡人也只是谨守先王故府的遗规，加以自己无能，不得不麻烦叔父；如果再分出先王的大礼来报答寡人的私德，那么，叔父也会厌恶寡人，责备寡人了。否则，寡人岂敢有所吝惜？
先民有言曰：‘改玉改行。’叔父若能光裕大德，更姓改物，以创制天下，自显庸也，而缩取备物，以镇抚百姓，余一人其流辟於裔土，何辞之有与？The ancients said, 'Change the jade, change the conduct.' If my uncle can enhance his virtue, change his surname, and transform the old ways to establish a new order in the world, to demonstrate his own merit and gather the necessary items to bring peace to the people, I would willingly be exiled to a distant land; what reason would I have to object?
前人说过：‘身上的佩玉改了样，走路的气派不一样。’如果叔父能发扬伟大的美德，改姓换代，开创一统天下的大业，显示自己的丰功伟绩，自然可用天子的服饰文采以安抚百姓，寡人也许会流放边疆，还有什么话可说？
若犹是姬姓也，尚将列为公侯，以复先王之职，大物其未可改也。If it is still the Ji surname, he will still be ranked as a duke or marquis, to resume the duties of the former kings; the great artifacts should not be changed.
如果叔父仍保持姬姓，位列公侯，以恢复先王规定的职分；那么，天子所用的大礼就不可更改了。
叔父其茂昭明德，物将自至。Uncle, if you vigorously manifest noble and virtuous qualities full of brightness and goodness, things will naturally come.
叔父还是努力发扬德行吧，您所需要的事物自然会来的。
余何敢以私劳变前之大章，以忝天下，其若先王与百姓何？何政令之为也？How dare I change the major institutions and regulations of previous generations because of personal merits and thus bring shame to the world? What about the former kings and the common people? What is the use of issuing government decrees?
就算我敢因酬私德而改变先王的制度，从而玷辱了天下，又如何对得起先王和百姓？又如何推行政令？
若不然，叔父有地而隧焉，余安能知之？”If not, if my uncle possesses land and wishes to be buried in a royal tomb, how could I possibly know about it?"
否则，叔父有的是土地，就是开通墓道举行隧礼，寡人又从何知道呢？”
文公遂不敢请，受地而还。Duke Wen dared not ask again and accepted the land, then returned to his domain.
晋文公于是不敢请隧礼，接受赏赐的土地，回国去了。
