BBC News
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is developing at high speed, transforming many aspects of modern life. There seem to be new announcements almost every day, with big players such as Meta, Google and ChatGPT-maker OpenAI competing to get an edge with customers. However, some experts fear it could be used for malicious purposes.
人工智能（AI）技术正在高速发展，改变着现代生活的方方面面。几乎每天都会有新的公告发布，Meta、Google 和 ChatGPT 制造商 OpenAI 等大公司都在竞相争夺客户的优势。然而，一些专家担心它可能被用于恶意目的。
What is AI and how does it work?
什么是人工智能以及它是如何工作的？
AI allows computers to learn and solve problems almost like a person. AI systems are trained on huge amounts of information and learn to identify the patterns in it, to carry out tasks such as having human-like conversations or predicting a product an online shopper might buy.
The technology is behind the voice-controlled virtual assistants Siri and Alexa, and helps Facebook and X - formerly known as Twitter- decide which social media posts to show users. AI lets Amazon analyse customers' buying habits to recommend future purchases - and the firm also uses the technology to crack down on fake reviews.
人工智能让计算机几乎可以像人一样学习和解决问题。人工智能系统接受大量信息的训练，并学习识别其中的模式，执行诸如进行类似人类的对话或预测在线购物者可能购买的产品等任务。
该技术支持语音控制虚拟助手 Siri 和 Alexa，并帮助 Facebook 和 X（以前称为 Twitter）决定向用户展示哪些社交媒体帖子。人工智能让亚马逊能够分析顾客的购买习惯，以推荐未来的购买行为，该公司还利用该技术来打击虚假评论。
What are AI programs like ChatGPT and Midjourney?
ChatGPT 和 Midjourney 等人工智能的编程是什么？
ChatGPT and Midjourney are examples of what is called "generative" AI. These programs learn from vast quantities of data, such as online text and images, to generate new content which feels like a human has made it. So-called chatbots - like ChatGPT - can have text conversations. Other AI programs like Midjourney can create images from simple text instructions.
Generative AI can also make videos and even produce music in the style of famous musicians. However, these programs sometimes generate inaccurate answers and images and can reproduce the bias contained in their source material, such as sexism or racism.
Many artists, writers and performers have warned that such AIs allow others to exploit and imitate their work without payment. The most recent people to add their names to these calls include Billie Eilish and Nicki Minaj, who are among 200 artists calling for the "predatory" use of AI in the music industry to be stopped.
ChatGPT 和 Midjourney 是所谓的“生成式”人工智能的例子。这些程序从大量数据（例如在线文本和图像）中学习，以生成感觉像是人类制作的新内容。所谓的聊天机器人（例如 ChatGPT）可以进行文本对话。 Midjourney 等其他人工智能程序可以根据简单的文本指令创建图像。
生成式人工智能还可以制作视频，甚至制作著名音乐家风格的音乐。然而，这些程序有时会生成不准确的答案和图像，并且可能会重现其源材料中包含的偏见，例如性别歧视或种族主义。
许多艺术家、作家和表演者警告说，此类人工智能允许其他人在不付费的情况下利用和模仿他们的作品。最近加入这些呼吁的人包括 Billie Eilish 和 Nicki Minaj，她们是呼吁停止音乐行业“掠夺性”使用人工智能的 200 名艺术家之一。
Why do critics fear AI could be dangerous?
为什么批评者担心人工智能可能是危险的？
Many experts are surprised by how quickly AI has developed and fear its rapid growth could be dangerous. Some have even said AI research should be halted. In 2023, the UK government published a report which said AI might soon assist hackers to launch cyberattacks or help terrorists plan chemical attacks. Some experts even worry that in the future, super-intelligent AIs could make humans extinct. In May, dozens of leading tech specialists backed the US-based Center for AI Safety's warning about this threat. Similar fears are shared by two of the three scientists known as the godfathers of AI for their pioneering research, Geoffrey Hinton and Yoshua Bengio.
Others have criticised AI's environmental impact. Powerful AI systems use a lot of electricity: by 2027, one researcher suggests that collectively, they could consume each year as much as a small country like the Netherlands.
许多专家对人工智能的发展速度感到惊讶，并担心其快速增长可能会带来危险。一些人甚至表示人工智能研究应该停止。 2023年，英国政府发布报告称，人工智能可能很快就会协助黑客发动网络攻击，或者帮助恐怖分子策划化学袭击。一些专家甚至担心，未来超级智能的人工智能可能会让人类灭绝。五月份，数十位领先的技术专家支持美国人工智能安全中心关于这一威胁的警告。因其开创性研究而被称为人工智能教父的三位科学家中的两位杰弗里·辛顿（Geoffrey Hinton）和约书亚·本吉奥（Yoshua Bengio）也有类似的担忧。
其他人批评人工智能对环境的影响。强大的人工智能系统会消耗大量电力：一位研究人员表示，到 2027 年，它们每年的消耗总量将相当于荷兰这样的小国。
Which jobs are at risk because of AI?
哪些工作因人工智能而面临风险？
A report by investment bank Goldman Sachs suggested that AI could replace the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs across the globe. It concluded many administrative, legal, architecture, and management roles could be affected, externally. But it also said AI could boost the global economy by 7%.
The Institute of Public Policy Research (IPPR) estimates that up to eight million workers in the UK could be at risk of losing their jobs as the tech develops. But the tech has also been used to support workers, such as by helping doctors spot breast cancers, and developing new antibiotics.
投资银行高盛的一份报告表明，人工智能可能会取代全球相当于 3 亿个全职工作岗位。它得出的结论是，许多行政、法律、架构和管理角色可能会受到外部影响。但它也表示人工智能可以使全球经济增长 7%。
公共政策研究所 (IPPR) 估计，随着技术的发展，英国多达 800 万工人可能面临失业风险。但这项技术也被用来支持工人，例如帮助医生发现乳腺癌，以及开发新的抗生素。
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