口译实战经验|如何精简处理“复杂中文长句”?

教育   2024-09-28 13:11   北京  
口译过程中复杂长句转换一直是卡点,尤其对于口译新手和初学者。最近做的会议中就遇到“语速飞快”,“信息密集”的发言,今天和大家节选其中一段来讲讲,这种情况下,如何做到精简处理,节省时间的同时也可以减少语言组织的负担。

举个例子:
用户可以随时随地通过视频话机咨询在线医生,根据医生开具的电子处方取药,满足常见病及慢病的治疗和健康管理需求。“通用数字云平台”基于大数据和AI技术,整合诊疗、公共卫生、药品流通及居民健康档案等数据,为医疗集团提供运营管理、患者管理等服务,建立数据生态赋能临床研究。

很多初学者或者新手会过于被字面限制,翻译出来的内容比较啰嗦,这样的话交传也许还有时间,但同传的话可能没有那么多时间说完这些内容。
Users can consult online doctors via video calls anytime and anywhere, and obtain medication based on the electronic prescriptions issued by the doctors, addressing the treatment and health management needs for common and chronic illnesses. The "Universal Digital Cloud Platform," built on big data and AI technology, integrates data from diagnosis and treatment, public health, drug circulation, and residents' health records to provide services such as operational management and patient management for medical groups, establishing a data ecosystem that empowers clinical research.
然而在同传的情境下,时间是最宝贵的资源,稍微思考停顿1秒,就有可能错过信息。所以需要快速地把长句转换成短句,抓意群,做好取舍,不要被字面限制,出现过长时间等待。
大家也可以想象这个句子视译或者同传的时候,可以怎么处理?
Users can consult online doctors via video calls anytimenywhere, obtaining medication from electronic prescriptions for common and chronic illnesses. The "Universal Digital Cloud Platform," leveraging big data and AI, integrates diagnosis, public health, drug distribution, and health records to deliver operational and patient management services for medical groups, creating a data ecosystem that drives clinical research.
精简版:obtaining medication from electronic prescriptions for common and chronic illnesses
字对字翻译版:obtain medication based on the electronic prescriptions issued by the doctors, addressing the treatment and health management needs for common and chronic illnesses. 
大家对比一下,精简版的核心意思出来了,而且没有啰嗦的话语,长度也比后者缩短了一半,这样的话同样的内容可以用更少的时间说完,在同传中一方面节省时间,另一方面也可以降低语言组织的难度。

精简版:The "Universal Digital Cloud Platform," leveraging big data and AI, integrates diagnosis, public health, drug distribution, and health records to deliver operational and patient management services for medical groups, creating a data ecosystem that drives clinical research.
字对字翻译版:The "Universal Digital Cloud Platform," built on big data and AI technology, integrates data from diagnosis and treatment, public health, drug circulation, and residents' health records to provide services such as operational management and patient management for medical groups, establishing a data ecosystem that empowers clinical research.
对比上个版本也会发现精简版省略了一些啰嗦的地方,精简处理了,比如technology,可以省略,没有重复management。


同传箱
再举一个例子:
本届展会以贯彻落实党的二十届三中全会关于促进数字经济发展的决策部署为引领,打造高水平对外开放交流合作平台,推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合,推动数字经济和实体经济深度融合,助力发展新质生产力,为全球信息通信产业和数字经济发展提供新机遇、塑造新动能。


这是典型的大会开幕致辞中的段落,很多时候发言人读稿,但稿子不一定能给到译员。这一次就是领导致辞的稿件都没有给到译员。面对这样书面化的长句,同传的处理一定要精简,节省时间,多用短句,尽量少调整语序,减少瞬时记忆和转换处理的负担。
字对字翻译版本:
This exhibition, guided by the decisions made at(这里调整语序,不合适,因为等到你听到“……的决策部署为引领”才开口翻译,那等你翻译前面的英语部分时,发言人已经把后面一句话说完了,这样EVS听说时间差会太长了,很可能导致跟不上发言人节奏,或者漏掉后面的句子) the 20th Central Committee's Third Plenary Session to promote digital economy development, aims to create a high-level platform for open communication and collaboration. It seeks to deepen the integration of technological(这里可以简化直接说tech) and industrial innovation, as well as the synergy between the digital and real economies, fostering new productive forces and providing new opportunities for the global information and communication industry(这里可以说缩写ICT,更精简) and digital economy development.

精简版:

This exhibition, guided by the 20th Central Committee's Third Plenary Session decisions to advance the digital economy, creates a high-level platform for open communication and collaboration. It aims to integrate tech and industrial innovation, promote the fusion of the digital and real economies, foster new productive forces and bring opportunities for the global ICT industry and digital economy.

党的二十届三中全会,像这样的术语必须做到快速反应,当做一个整体来记,如果还需要停顿思考,那这中领导致辞同传很难更得上。
类似的常见的术语还有,“新质生产力”,“党的二十大报告”,“新型工业化道路”,“中国特色社会主义现代化建设”等等。
最后和大家总结相关领导致辞中常见的术语和语块:
1. 经济建设 (Economic Development)
  • 新质生产力 New Quality Productive Forces 

  • 高质量发展 High-Quality Development

  • 新发展理念 New Development Philosophy

  • 供给侧结构性改革 Supply-Side Structural Reform

  • 创新驱动发展战略 Innovation-Driven Development Strategy

  • 绿色低碳发展 Green and Low-Carbon Development

2. 政治建设 (Political Construction)
  • 中国式现代化 Chinese Modernization

  • 全过程人民民主 Whole-Process People's Democracy

  • 社会主义法治 Socialist Rule of Law

  • 中国特色社会主义法治体系 Rule of Law System with Chinese Characteristics

  • 国家安全体系 National Security System

3. 文化建设 (Cultural Construction)
  • 社会主义先进文化 Advanced Socialist Culture

  • 文化自信 Cultural Confidence

4. 社会建设 (Social Construction)
  • 保障和改善民生 Ensuring and Improving People's Wellbeing

  • 脱贫攻坚 Poverty Alleviation

  • 社会治理体系 Social Governance System

5. 生态文明建设 (Ecological Civilization Construction)
  • 绿水青山就是金山银山 Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets

  • 生态文明制度体系 Ecological Civilization System

  • 绿色发展 Green Development

6. 党的建设 (Party Building)
  • 全面从严治党 Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party

  • 党的自我革命 Party's Self-Revolution

  • 反腐败斗争 Anti-Corruption Struggle

7. 国防和军队建设 (National Defense and Military Construction)
  • 国防和军队现代化 Modernization of National Defense and the Military

  • 改革强军战略 Strategy of Strengthening the Military through Reform

8. 外交政策 (Foreign Policy)
  • 独立自主的和平外交政策 Independent Foreign Policy of Peace

  • 人类命运共同体 The Global Community of Shared Future

  • 全球发展倡议 Global Development Initiative

  • 全球安全倡议 Global Security Initiative

9. 重要会议 (Important Conferences)
  • 二十大报告 Report of the 20th National Congress

  • 二十届三中全会 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee 

  • 二十届二中全会 The Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee


懂得再多,也会有知识盲区;语言再流利,若缺乏相关主题或语境知识,对讲话人信息的准确把握和传达都会受阻。非语言知识在一定程度上弥补了语言知识的不足,反之亦然。
要成为合格的译员,不仅需要在日常生活和准备中不断积累各类语言和非语言知识,还需在工作中将这些知识与不断接收的新信息结合起来,确保对源语内容的准确理解,并通过各种口译技能的灵活运用,对信息进行完整准确的重新表达。
每次口译任务完成后,这些知识将成为译员长期记忆中的一部分,为下一次任务提供坚实的知识基础和支持!
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