近日，卫生巾的话题引发关注。
🤔️小作业：
1. What is the main goal of Scotland's Period Products (Free Provision) Bill?
A) To reduce the cost of tampons and sanitary pads for all women.
B) To ensure free access to period products for anyone who needs them.
C) To provide financial support for low-income families.
D) To remove taxes on period products across the country.
无注释原文：
Period poverty: Scotland first in world to make period products free
From: BBC, 26 November 2020
Scotland has become the first country in the world to make period products free for all.
There is now a legal duty on local authorities to provide free items such as tampons and sanitary pads to "anyone who needs them".
MSPs unanimously approved the Period Products (Free Provision) (Scotland) Bill in November 2020.
The bill was introduced by Labour MSP Monica Lennon, who has been campaigning to end period poverty since 2016.
What is period poverty?
Period poverty is when those on low incomes can't afford, or access, suitable period products.
With average periods lasting about five days, it can cost up to ￡8 a month for tampons and pads, and some women struggle to afford the cost.
How big a problem is it?
In 2018, a survey of more than 2,000 people by Young Scot found that about one in four respondents at school, college or university in Scotland had struggled to access period products.
As well as period poverty, researchers say period stigma is also an issue for young girls, with the majority feeling embarrassed when buying menstruation products.
The impact on education is also an area the bill aims to tackle - with researchers finding 64% of girls surveyed in the UK have missed school because of their period.
What difference will the bill make?
The Period Products (Free Provision) (Scotland) Bill puts a legal duty on local authorities to ensure anyone who needs period products can obtain them for free.
It will be for the country's 32 councils to decide what practical arrangements are put in place, but they must give "anyone who needs them" access to different types of period products "reasonably easily" and with "reasonable dignity".
What happens elsewhere?
Free period products were rolled out in all primary and secondary schools in England in January 2020.
And a handful of US states have passed laws mandating free period products be provided in schools.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Period poverty: Scotland first in world to make period products free 月经贫困：苏格兰率先为全民免费提供生理期用品
From: BBC, 26 November 2020
Scotland has become the first country in the world to make period products free for all.
苏格兰成为世界上首个向全民免费提供女性生理期用品的国家。
period
作名词，熟词僻义，1）可以表示“月经，经期”，英文解释为“the bleeding from a woman's womb that happens once a month when she is not pregnant”
2）表示“句号”，英文解释为“the symbol . used in writing at the end of a sentence or at the end of the short form of a word”
作形容词，表示“具有某个时代特征的”，英文解释为“having a style typical of a particular time in history”如：period costumes/furniture 代表某一时期的服装/家具。
There is now a legal duty on local authorities to provide free items such as tampons and sanitary pads to "anyone who needs them".
根据法律，苏格兰政府有法律义务确保卫生棉条和卫生巾等免费物品能够提供给“任何需要的人”。
tampon
tampon /ˈtæmpɒn/ 表示“月经棉塞，卫生棉栓”，英文解释为“a small cylinder of cotton or other material that a woman puts in her vagina to absorb blood during her period”
sanitary pad
sanitary pad 表示“卫生巾，月经垫”，英文解释为“a piece of soft material worn by a woman to absorb blood during her period”
MSPs unanimously approved the Period Products (Free Provision) (Scotland) Bill in November 2020.
2020年11月，苏格兰议会一致通过了《生理期用品免费供应法（苏格兰）》。
unanimously
unanimous作形容词，副词形式unanimously /juːˈnæn.ɪ.məs.li/ ，表示“一致同意的/地；意见一致地；获全体支持地”，英文解释为“When a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about something or all vote for the same thing.”举个🌰：Editors were unanimous in their condemnation of the proposals. 编辑们一致谴责这些提议。The board unanimously approved the project last week. 董事会上周一致同意批准了这个项目。
provision
1）表示“提供；供给；准备”，英文解释为“the act of providing something”举个🌰：The provision of good public transport will be essential for developing the area. 提供良好的公共交通对该地区的发展极为重要。
2）表示“（法律文件的）规定，条款”，英文解释为“a condition or an arrangement in a legal document”举个🌰：Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs. 按契约规定，房客负责房屋维修。
bill
bill /bɪl/ 熟词僻义，作动词，表示“把…宣传为；做广告；通过广告宣传”，英文解释为“If you bill a person or event as a particular thing, you advertise them in a way that makes people think they have particular qualities or abilities.”举个🌰：The young author was billed as "the new Beckett." 这位年轻作家被吹捧为“新贝克特”。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述奢侈品集团思索清空库存方法的文章中提到：Every frock sold by the likes of Gucci or Givenchy is billed as a must-have that season. 古驰或纪梵希之类的品牌把它们的每条裙子都标榜为当季必买。
作名词，表示“议案，法案”，英文解释为“a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed before being voted on”举个🌰：The bill was amended (= changed). 议案被修订了。
The bill was introduced by Labour MSP Monica Lennon, who has been campaigning to end period poverty since 2016.
该法案由苏格兰工党议员莫妮卡·列侬（Monica Lennon）提出。自2016年以来，她一直倡导结束“月经贫困”。
What is period poverty? 月经贫困
Period poverty is when those on low incomes can't afford, or access, suitable period products.
“月经贫困”是指一些低收入者买不起或无法获得合适的生理期用品的现象。
With average periods lasting about five days, it can cost up to ￡8 a month for tampons and pads, and some women struggle to afford the cost.
由于月经平均持续5天左右，每月购买卫生棉条和卫生巾的费用可能高达8英镑（70元人民币），一些女性难以负担这笔费用。
How big a problem is it? 问题究竟有多大？
In 2018, a survey of more than 2,000 people by Young Scot found that about one in four respondents at school, college or university in Scotland had struggled to access period products.
2018年，公民组织“苏格兰青年”（Young Scot）对2000多人进行的一项调查发现，在苏格兰的中学、学院或大学里，约四分之一的受访者难以获得生理期用品。
respondent
respondent /rɪˈspɒn.dənt/ 表示“回答者；答复者；应答者”，英文解释为“a person who answers a request for information”举个🌰：In a recent opinion poll, a majority of respondents were against nuclear weapons. 在最近的一次民意调查中，大多数调查对象表示反对发展核武器。
As well as period poverty, researchers say period stigma is also an issue for young girls, with the majority feeling embarrassed when buying menstruation products.
研究人员表示，除了月经贫困，月经羞耻也是年轻女孩面临的一个问题，大多数女孩在购买生理产品时会感到尴尬。
stigma
stigma /ˈstɪɡ.mə/ 表示“耻辱；（尤指不公正的）恶名”，英文解释为“a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair”举个🌰：There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. 离婚不再是什么耻辱的事了。
menstruation
menstruation /ˌmen.struˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“行经，月经”，英文解释为“the process of menstruating”如：the onset of menstruation 月经开始。
The impact on education is also an area the bill aims to tackle - with researchers finding 64% of girls surveyed in the UK have missed school because of their period.
该法案旨在解决的另一个问题是对教育的影响。研究人员发现，受调查的女孩中有64%因为经期而缺课。
What difference will the bill make? 该法案会带来什么不同？
The Period Products (Free Provision) (Scotland) Bill puts a legal duty on local authorities to ensure anyone who needs period products can obtain them for free.
《生理期用品免费供应法（苏格兰）》规定，政府有法律责任确保任何需要生理产品的人都可以免费获得。
It will be for the country's 32 councils to decide what practical arrangements are put in place, but they must give "anyone who needs them" access to different types of period products "reasonably easily" and with "reasonable dignity".
苏格兰境内的32个议会区将决定采取何种具体可行的安排，但它们必须让“任何有需要的人”能够“相当容易地”以“合适的尊严”获得不同类型的生理期用品。
council
council /ˈkaʊn.səl/ 1）表示“委员会；理事会”，英文解释为“a group of people elected or chosen to make decisions or give advice on a particular subject, to represent a particular group of people, or to run a particular organization”如：the United Nations Security Council 联合国安全理事会。
2）表示“（地区、镇、市的）政务委员会；地方议会”，英文解释为“the group of people elected to govern a particular area, town, or city, and organize services for it”如：Edinburgh City Council 爱丁堡市政会。
dignity
dignity /ˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/ 表示“庄重，端庄；尊严”，英文解释为“calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you”举个🌰：He is a man of dignity and calm determination. 他是个沉稳、冷静而果断的人。
What happens elsewhere? 其它地方呢？
Free period products were rolled out in all primary and secondary schools in England in January 2020.
2020年1月，英格兰所有中小学都推出了免费生理期用品。
roll out
rollout作名词时，表示“首次提供（产品或服务）”，英文解释为“the act of making something, especially a product or service, available for the first time”举个🌰：Since its rollout in 2011, Wechat has gained billions of members. 自从2011年首次提供使用以来，微信已经吸引了数以亿计的用户。
📍2020年政府工作报告Part 12中就提到：We will support the rollout of e-commerce and express delivery services in rural areas to expand rural consumption. 支持电商、快递进农村，拓展农村消费。
📍roll out 动词短语，表示“推出（新产品或服务）”，英文解释为“If a company rolls out a new product or service, or if the product or service rolls out, it is made available to the public.”举个🌰：Microsoft rolls out its new operating system. 微软推出了它的新操作系统。
📍此外，roll out还有另一个含义，表示“将…轧平”，英文解释为“to make sth flat by pushing sth over it”举个🌰：Roll out the pastry. 将油酥面团擀平。
🎬电影《老爸上战场》（Dad's Army）中刚好有这个例句：Shall I roll out the pastry? 我要把面团轧平吗？
And a handful of US states have passed laws mandating free period products be provided in schools.
在美国，少数几个州已通过法律，要求学校提供免费的生理期用品。
mandate
mandate /ˈmæn.deɪt/ 作动词，表示“命令；要求；强制执行；授权”，英文解释为“to order someone to do something”举个🌰：Our delegates have been mandated to vote against the proposal at the conference. 我们的代表受命在会议上对提议投反对票。
作名词，1）表示“授权；委任”，英文解释为“the authority given to an elected group of people, such as a government, to perform an action or govern a country”
2）表示“（联合国授权某国管理的）托管地”，英文解释为“the name of an area of land that has been given to a country by the UN, following or as part of a peace agreement”
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