一.中国文化类
●
带星号（*）为六级同学掌握，四级可以不用看
四大发明：the four great inventions
印刷术/*活字印刷术：printing/movable-type printing
造纸术：paper-making
指南针：compass
火药：gunpowder
丝绸之路：the Silk Road
瓷器/*陶器：china/pottery
硬币/纸币：coins/paper bills
对外贸易/海外贸易/*海上贸易：foreign trade/overseas trade/maritime commerce
古代文明：ancient civilization
文化交流：cultural exchange
文化冲突：cultural shock/cultural conflict
文化产业：cultural industry
文化遗产：cultural heritage
乡村文化：rural culture
民族文化：national culture
民间艺术：folk art
表演艺术：performing art
特征：feature/characteristic
祖先：ancestor
哲学家：philosopher
中国文学：Chinese literature
中外学者：Chinese and overseas scholars
巨著：great works
显著成就：remarkable achievements
神话/传说：myth/legend
阳历/阴历：solar calendar/lunar calendar
金/木/水/火/土：metal/wood/water/fire/earth
工艺/手工艺品：craft/ handicraft
唐朝：Tang Dynasty
始于...年/持续...时间/灭亡：begin in/last for/collapse
统治/统治者：govern (v.) rule (v)/ruler (n.)
在...统治下：during the reign of ...
权力/权威：power/authority
戏剧/京剧/剧院：drama/Peking Opera/theater
诗人/政客：poet/politician
少数民族：ethnic minority
社会地位：social status
起源于：originate in/from …
（在一个地方起源用in，从一个地方起源用from）
追溯到: be traced back to …/trace … back to…
发源地：birthplace
古代：ancient times
现代：modern times
独特元素：a unique element
组成（选一背诵即可）：
A constitute B/A comprise B/A make up B （A组成B）
B consist of A/B is composed of A （B由A组成）
【常见错误：切忌不要用comprise of】
工业革命：industrial revolution
代表：represent/stand for
象征：symbolize (v.) /symbolic (adj.) /symbol (n.)
繁荣：prosperous (adj.) / prosperity (n.) /flourish (v.)
国宝：national treasure
*腐败：corruption
*扩大领土：extend the territory/domain
*夺取政权：seize the power
*才子佳人：gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
*下棋饮茶：play chess and drink tea
*耕耘收割：sow and reap
*织布缝衣：weave and sew
*湖上打渔：fish on the lake
*砍柴采药：cut firewood and gather herbs
*吟诗作画：compose poems and paint pictures
经典模板句练习：
1. 中国武术（martial art）的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练 (CET-4)。
The origin of Chinese martial art can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting and ancient Chinese military training.
2. 构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国 (CET-4)。
Many elements which constitute/comprise the foundation of the modern world originated in China.
3. 最出名的就是门神和三大神——福神、薪神和寿神（Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity），寓意着庄稼丰收，家畜兴旺和庆祝春节 (CET-4,6)。
The most famous ones are Door Gods and Three Gods of Blessing, Salary
and Longevity, symbolizing/which symbolize the good/abundant harvest of crops, the
prosperity of domestic/home animals and the celebration of the Spring Festival.
4. 那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的 (CET-4)。
At that time, yellow was only/exclusively used for the emperor. The royal palace was painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow. However, ordinary people were forbidden to wear clothes of the color.
5. 反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家（Taoist）对自然的感情。(CET-6)
The rural life ideal reflected in the arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization. This, to a large extent, can be attributed to the Taoist affection towards nature.
6. 汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就，它最先向其他文化敞开了大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向中西亚乃至罗马，各类艺术流派繁荣，涌现了很多文学，历史，哲学巨著。(CET-6)
There are a number of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han dynasty, which first unlocked the door to other cultures and made foreign trade prosperous. The Silk Road which the Han dynasty has explored led to Central and Western Asia, and even to Rome, with all varieties of art schools flourishing and many works in literature, history and philosophy.
7. 大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。(CET-6)
The word “dama” is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it particularly refers to those Chinese women who rushed to purchase a large amount of gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.
8. 宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字（movable-type）印刷。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热闹的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多样。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体质在当时也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。(CET-6)
The Song Dynasty was the first to use gunpowder and to invent movable-type printing. With rapidly increasing population, more and more people moved into cities, in which entertainment venues were very busy. There are many forms of social life. The Song dynasty also had an advanced government system in the world. All of the government officials were selected and appointed through the competitive examination.
二.旅游城市类
●
风景/风光：scenery/landscape
目的地：destination
景点：tourist attraction/scenic spot
游览：sightseeing (n.)/see the sight
历史古迹：historic site
文物：cultural relic
位于：be located in
以…而闻名/作为…而闻名：be famous for …/be famous as
享誉盛名：earn a great reputation
有…年历史：has a history of … years
面积/人口：area/population
平方公里：square kilometers
规模：scale
渔村/水乡：fishing village/water town
偏远地区：remote areas
日出/日落：sunrise/sunset
湿润的/干燥的：wet(humid)/dry
宏伟壮丽：magnificent
治疗疾病：treat diseases
温泉/瀑布：hot spring/waterfall
园林建筑：garden architecture
寺庙/殿堂：temple/hall
塔：pagoda/tower
楼：mansion
亭：pavilion
溪/河/海：stream/river/sea
林/田/*牧：forest/field/pasture
东南角/东南部：southeastern corner/southeastern part
华北：North China/northern China/northern regions of China
陕南：southern Shaanxi
江南：Yangtze River Delta
山东省中部：in the center of Shandong Province
*蜿蜒小路：winding road/trail
朝圣/朝圣者 pilgrimage/pilgrim
*避暑胜地：summer resort
*美不胜收：too many beautiful things to be appreciated at once
*闻名遐迩：known far and wide
*奇花异草：exotic flowers and herbs
*络绎不绝：an endless stream
山水画：landscape painting
摄影：photography
获得灵感：obtain inspiration
缆车：cable cars
新趋势：new trend/tendency
背包旅行/背包客：backpacking/backpacker
体验文化：experience cultures
丰富知识：enlarge knowledge
拓展视野：broaden horizon
生活节奏：life tempo/pace
餐馆/旅馆：restaurant/hotel
住宅/集市/庭院：dwelling/market/courtyard
洪水/干旱：flood/drought
衣食住行：clothing, meals, accommodation, transportation
月饼：moon cake
海鲜：seafood
年糕：rice cake
饺子：dumplings
面条：noodle
面粉：flour
粥：porridge
米饭（水稻）：rice
谷物（粮食）：grain
小麦：wheat
三明治：sandwich
汉堡：hamburger
汤：soup
菜：dish/cuisine（dish是一道菜，cuisine是菜肴、烹饪）
糖/盐/醋/酒/油：sugar/salt/vinegar/wine/oil
色/香/味/行：color/aroma/taste/appearance
酸/甜/苦/辣/咸/淡：sour/sweet/bitter/spicy/salty/light
煮/炸/熏/烤：boil/fry/smoke/bake(roast, grill)
西瓜/葡萄：watermelon/grape
经典模板句练习：
1. 黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。(CET-4)。
Mount Huang is located in the south of Anhui province. With unique sceneries, it is particularly famous for the sunrise and the sea of clouds.
2. 年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。 (CET-4)。
The number of young tourists/travelers/visitors is increasing, which can be attributed to the rapid growth of their income and the curiosity to explore the outside world.
3. 传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了。(CET-4)。
It is said that Motse, one of the philosophers in ancient China, spent three years in Weifang in making the first kite in the world, and that the kite fell and crashed on the first day when it flew in the sky.
4. 中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。(CET-4)。
Rice is mainly grown in southern China where people usually take rice as the staple food. However, because it is either too cold or too dry, it is impossible to grow rice in most of the northern regions of China, so the main crop there is wheat.
5. 丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样、丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。(CET-4)
There is beautiful natural scenery everywhere in Lijiang, and many ethnical minorities provide tourists with a great variety of cultural experiences.
6. 珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。(CET-4)
The Pearl River, an extensive river system in southern China, flows through Guangzhou City. It is the China’s third longest river which is only after the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
7. 长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。(CET-4)
Flowing through many different ecosystems, the Yangtze River is the habitat to a whole host of endangered species and irrigates one fifth of the land in China.
8. 中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。
典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山（rockworks）、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷（scroll）一般展现在面前。(CET-6)
The Chinese garden has become a landscape of a unique style after an evolvement of more than 3000 years. It includes not only the large gardens built for royal members to enjoy themselves, but also the private gardens built for scholars, merchants and retired government workers to get rid of the noisy outside world. These gardens constitute a miniature designed to express the harmonious relationship between man and nature.
A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls. In the garden, there are ponds, rockworks, trees, flowers and all kinds of buildings which are linked by winding trails and corridors. Wandering in the garden, people may feel that a series of well-designed scenery exhibit itself before us like a landscape scroll.
你懂得！
