特朗普支持率见顶了吗?专家们各抒己见!

教育   2024-10-23 12:15   中国  

周二 Morning Consult 和路透社 / 益普索发布的新民意调查显示特朗普在总统竞选中仍落后哈里斯。一些人认为特朗普仍有上升空间,也有人认为目前的民意调查结果在误差范围内,难以确定 11 月 5 日的结果。有人认为应关注特朗普和哈里斯在最后几周的动员投票努力以及摇摆州民意调查。在佐治亚州、亚利桑那州、密歇根州、威斯康星州和内华达州等摇摆州的民意调查结果有不同变化。宾夕法尼亚州和北卡罗来纳州的民意调查显示总统竞选停滞不前。也有人认为全国民意调查有其价值,能显示竞选趋势,目前哈里斯在全国有一定优势,但在选举日之前情况仍可能变化。

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外刊文章来源于《新闻周刊》,作者凯瑟琳・冯,高级撰稿人。2024年10月22日美国东部时间下午6点42分发布,6点50分更新,题为'Has Donald Trump Hit Polling Ceiling? What Analysts Say',原文请点击文章左下角“阅读原文”。


https://www.newsweek.com/has-donald-trump-hit-polling-ceiling-what-analysts-say-1972974



New polls released Tuesday by Morning Consult and Reuters/Ipsos show no change in the presidential contest. Former President Donald Trump remains 4 and 3 percentage points behind Vice President Kamala Harris, respectively, in both surveys.
周二,Morning Consult 和路透社 / 益普索发布的新民意调查显示总统竞选没有变化。在这两项调查中,前总统唐纳德・特朗普分别仍落后副总统卡玛拉・哈里斯 4 个和 3 个百分点。
Morning Consult found Trump had 46 percent support to Harris' 50 percent—consistent with last week's result—while Reuters/Ipsos showed Trump and Harris both up 1 percent from their survey a week ago, at 43 percent and 46 percent, respectively. Last week, Reuters/Ipsos had Trump at 42 percent and Harris at 45 percent.
Morning Consult 发现特朗普的支持率为 46%,哈里斯为 50%,与上周的结果一致。而路透社 / 益普索显示特朗普和哈里斯的支持率较一周前的调查均上升了 1%,分别为 43% 和 46%。上周,路透社 / 益普索的调查中特朗普为 42%,哈里斯为 45%。
"Numbers have been stable and they show a plus-4 advantage still," Rachel Bitecofer, an election forecaster turned political strategist who correctly predicted the "blue wave" in the 2018 midterms and then President Joe Biden's win in 2020, told Newsweek. "There's no movement."
曾是选举预测者、现为政治策略师的瑞秋・比特科弗告诉《新闻周刊》:“数字一直很稳定,仍然显示出哈里斯有 4 个百分点的优势。没有变化。” 她曾正确预测了 2018 年中期选举的 “蓝色浪潮” 以及 2020 年乔・拜登的获胜。
But some believe there is still room for Trump to move up.
但一些人认为特朗普仍有上升空间。
Doug Gordon, a Democratic strategist and co-CEO of UpShift Strategies, told Newsweek that with all the available poll results still within the margin of error—and a race this close—those numbers don't tell us much about what will happen on November 5.
民主党策略师、UpShift Strategies 的联合首席执行官道格・戈登告诉《新闻周刊》,由于所有可用的民意调查结果仍在误差范围内,而且这场竞争如此接近,这些数字并不能告诉我们很多关于 11 月 5 日会发生什么的信息。
"The race is a toss-up today. It will remain a toss-up through Election Day," he said. "If low-propensity voters show up, Trump could outperform his 2020 numbers. But if the anti-MAGA coalition shows up in the numbers it has in 2018, 2020 and 2022, it won't matter if Trump beats his 2020 numbers."
他说:“今天这场比赛是一场势均力敌的较量。在选举日之前它仍将是一场势均力敌的较量。如果投票倾向低的选民出现,特朗普可能会超过他在 2020 年的数字。但如果反 MAGA 联盟以 2018 年、2020 年和 2022 年的人数出现,那么特朗普是否超过他在 2020 年的数字就无关紧要了。”
Donald Trump Polling Ceiling
唐纳德・特朗普民调见顶
Donald Trump participates in a roundtable discussion at the Latino Summit held at Trump National Doral Golf Club on Tuesday in Doral, Florida. Trump hasn't been able to make gains in his polling, according to... 
周二,唐纳德・特朗普在佛罗里达州多拉的特朗普国家多拉高尔夫俱乐部举行的拉丁裔峰会上参加圆桌讨论。据…… 报道,特朗普在民意调查中未能取得进展。
Instead of looking at the polls, Gordon said, there may be clearer signs in Trump's and Harris' get-out-the-vote efforts in these last weeks. Republican consultant Matt Klink, on the other hand, told Newsweek that the answer could lie in swing state polling.
戈登说,与其看民意调查,在特朗普和哈里斯在最后几周的动员投票努力中可能会有更清晰的迹象。另一方面,共和党顾问马特・克林克告诉《新闻周刊》,答案可能在于摇摆州的民意调查。
Swing State Polling
摇摆州民意调查
Klink, who said Trump is "surging" in key swing states, called national polls "meaningless" and predicted that liberal voters in major U.S. cities would ensure that Harris wins the popular vote. He said another indication that the political tides are shifting toward Trump is the change in campaign strategy by vulnerable Democrats like Pennsylvania Senator Bob Casey, who has distanced himself from Biden and highlighted his support for Trump's policies in a new campaign ad.
克林克说特朗普在关键摇摆州 “势头强劲”,称全国民意调查 “毫无意义”,并预测美国主要城市的自由派选民将确保哈里斯赢得普选。他说,政治潮流正在转向特朗普的另一个迹象是像宾夕法尼亚州参议员鲍勃・凯西这样脆弱的民主党人在竞选策略上的变化,凯西在新的竞选广告中与拜登保持距离,并强调了他对特朗普政策的支持。
Spiro Amburn, a GOP strategist and senior vice president at Georgia-based McGuireWoods Consulting, agreed that changes in swing state polling are more important to watch than those in national polling. He told Newsweek that while Trump's momentum hasn't yet stalled in the Peach State, "a ceiling does exist."
斯皮罗・安伯恩是共和党策略师,也是总部位于佐治亚州的麦奎尔伍兹咨询公司的高级副总裁,他同意摇摆州民意调查的变化比全国民意调查的变化更值得关注。他告诉《新闻周刊》,虽然特朗普在 “桃州”(佐治亚州)的势头尚未停滞,但 “确实存在一个上限”。
Georgia 
佐治亚州民调
In Georgia, Trump has made some gains in the last few weeks. A Redfield & Wilton Strategies poll conducted between October 16 and 18 showed him 1 point ahead. The pollster's surveys from earlier this month and late September showed Trump and Harris locked in a tie. An AtlasIntel poll, conducted between October 12 and 17, also found Trump up a point in Georgia and leading by 2 points this month, compared with its poll from last month that showed the former president with a 1-point advantage.
在佐治亚州,特朗普在过去几周取得了一些进展。10 月 16 日至 18 日进行的 Redfield & Wilton Strategies 民意调查显示他领先 1 个百分点。该民意调查机构本月早些时候和 9 月下旬的调查显示特朗普和哈里斯势均力敌。10 月 12 日至 17 日进行的 AtlasIntel 民意调查也发现特朗普在佐治亚州上升了 1 个百分点,本月领先 2 个百分点,而该机构上个月的民意调查显示这位前总统有 1 个百分点的优势。
"There is a small percentage of undecided voters," Amburn said. "The question is whether Republican voters who did not vote for Trump in 2020 will show up for him this time. This could be the difference in winning or losing by a percentage point. Harris seems to have momentum with new voters."
安伯恩说:“有一小部分未决定的选民。问题是 2020 年没有投票给特朗普的共和党选民这次是否会支持他。这可能是胜负相差一个百分点的关键。哈里斯似乎在新选民中更有势头。”
Other Swing States With Slight Momentum
其他有轻微势头的摇摆州
Arizona, Michigan, Wisconsin and Nevada all appear to be seeing some shifts in their battleground polls.
亚利桑那州、密歇根州、威斯康星州和内华达州在战场州民意调查中似乎都出现了一些变化。
Both Redfield & Wilton Strategies and New York Times/Siena College show in their polling Trump gaining 1 point over Harris in Arizona between last month and this month. An AtlasIntel survey, however, showed Trump losing a point.
Redfield & Wilton Strategies 和《纽约时报》/ 锡耶纳学院在他们的民意调查中都显示,从上个月到这个月,特朗普在亚利桑那州比哈里斯多了 1 个百分点。然而,AtlasIntel 的一项调查显示特朗普失去了 1 个百分点。
Trump has made significant inroads in Michigan, according to polls from RMG Research and InsiderAdvantage. After finding Harris with an 8-point lead late last month, RMG saw a tied race in its October poll. InsiderAdvantage had Trump up 1 point last month but 2 points this month. AtlasIntel saw no change, with Trump leading in Michigan by 3 points in both September and October.
根据 RMG Research 和 InsiderAdvantage 的民意调查,特朗普在密歇根州取得了重大进展。在上个月末发现哈里斯领先 8 个百分点后,RMG 在其 10 月份的民意调查中看到了一场势均力敌的比赛。InsiderAdvantage 上个月显示特朗普领先 1 个百分点,但这个月领先 2 个百分点。AtlasIntel 没有看到变化,特朗普在 9 月和 10 月都在密歇根州领先 3 个百分点。
AtlasIntel did see a change in Wisconsin, however. Last month, the pollster found Trump leading by 2 points but Harris with the advantage this month, leading by 1 point. Emerson College's polling showed Trump down by 1 point this month after his 2-point lead last month.
然而,AtlasIntel 在威斯康星州确实看到了变化。上个月,民意调查机构发现特朗普领先 2 个百分点,但这个月哈里斯占据优势,领先 1 个百分点。爱默生学院的民意调查显示,在上个月特朗普领先 2 个百分点后,这个月他下降了 1 个百分点。
Things appear to be shifting in Nevada, although it's unclear in whose favor, polls from InsiderAdvantage and AtlasIntel show. InsiderAdvantage's October poll found Harris tying the race a month after Trump had a 1-point lead, while AtlasIntel's October poll showed an even race after Harris had a 3-point lead last month.
内华达州的情况似乎也在发生变化,尽管不清楚对谁有利,InsiderAdvantage 和 AtlasIntel 的民意调查显示。InsiderAdvantage 的 10 月份民意调查发现,在特朗普领先 1 个百分点一个月后,哈里斯追平了比赛,而 AtlasIntel 的 10 月份民意调查显示,在上个月哈里斯领先 3 个百分点后,现在是一场平局。
Harris had a steady 4-point advantage, though, in Morning Consult's October and September polls.
不过,在 Morning Consult 的 10 月和 9 月民意调查中,哈里斯一直有 4 个百分点的稳定优势。
Swing States That Have Stalled
陷入停滞的摇摆州
Polling in Pennsylvania and North Carolina shows a stagnant presidential race.
宾夕法尼亚州和北卡罗来纳州的民意调查显示总统竞选停滞不前。
AtlasIntel's October and September polls showed a 3-point lead for Trump in Pennsylvania, while Redfield & Wilton Strategies found an even race in both mid-October and late September.
AtlasIntel 在 10 月和 9 月的民意调查显示特朗普在宾夕法尼亚州领先 3 个百分点,而 Redfield & Wilton Strategies 在 10 月中旬和 9 月下旬都发现了一场势均力敌的比赛。
In North Carolina, AtlasIntel shows Harris with a steady 2-point lead, while The Washington Post has Trump with a steady 3-point lead. A Quinnipiac University poll, however, found Harris taking the lead away from Trump. While Trump was up 1 point in late September, the pollsters found Harris up 3 points earlier this month.
在北卡罗来纳州,AtlasIntel 显示哈里斯稳定领先 2 个百分点,而《华盛顿邮报》显示特朗普稳定领先 3 个百分点。然而,昆尼皮亚克大学的一项民意调查发现哈里斯从特朗普手中夺走了领先优势。虽然特朗普在 9 月下旬领先 1 个百分点,但民意调查人员发现哈里斯在本月早些时候领先 3 个百分点。
The Case for National Polling
支持全国民意调查的理由
Political consultant Jay Townsend told Newsweek that in an election this competitive, polling can sometimes be outdated by the time the results are collected, tabulated and released. But he added that pollsters have "long known that Trump has a low ceiling because his unfavorables are well over 50 percent."
政治顾问杰伊・汤森告诉《新闻周刊》,在这样一场竞争激烈的选举中,民意调查有时在结果收集、制表和发布时可能已经过时。但他补充说,民意调查人员 “早就知道特朗普有一个低上限,因为他的不支持率远远超过 50%。”
"Thus, the only way he can win an election against an opponent is to drive up their unfavorables to a level that exceeds his. Hard for him to do when he is being outspent," Townsend said.
汤森说:“因此,他在与对手的选举中获胜的唯一方法是将对手的不支持率提高到超过他自己的水平。当他的支出被超过时,这对他来说很难做到。”
He also disagreed with the idea that national polls don't matter, arguing that they show trends for the race.
他也不同意全国民意调查无关紧要的观点,认为它们显示了竞选的趋势。
"While there is a debate about how much of a national cushion Harris needs to prevail in the swing states, there is a consensus that a 4-point lead nationally would portend an Electoral College victory," Townsend said. "Still a long way to go before Election Day, but this is good news for Harris, and she is in a better position than Trump."
汤森说:“虽然对于哈里斯在摇摆州获胜需要多少全国性的优势存在争议,但有一个共识是,全国领先 4 个百分点将预示着选举人团的胜利。在选举日之前还有很长的路要走,但这对哈里斯来说是个好消息,她的处境比特朗普更好。”
Bitecofer said that "the race has not changed since the switch in July [from Biden] to Harris."
比特科弗说:“自 7 月份(从拜登)转向哈里斯以来,竞选没有变化。”
"It's been a toss-up in the swing states. It's within a few points nationally, but those points advantage Harris. It's going to be a very close election. We're talking about tens of thousands of votes are going to separate them in the swing states," she said.
她说:“在摇摆州一直是势均力敌的较量。在全国范围内相差几个百分点,但这些百分点对哈里斯有利。这将是一场非常接近的选举。我们说的是在摇摆州,将有数万张选票决定他们的胜负。”
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