又是一年双十一，你买买买了吗？消费冷静期了解一下，有些消费可以但没必要。
🤔️小作业：
1. According to Dr. Donald Black, why do many Americans enjoy shopping?
A) It allows them to interact with others.
B) Shopping has a direct connection to increased dopamine levels.
C) They find pleasure in discovering new products.
D) Shopping is required for holiday celebrations.
无注释原文：
When Shopping Puts the Happy in Your Holidays
From: The New York Times, Sep 28, 2012
For many people, the real joy of the holiday season comes from shopping, whether it's getting to the store at 4 a.m. for the best bargains or finding that impossible-to-find holiday toy.
The pleasure you feel from every shopping victory is real. Shopping, like any new or exciting experience, activates the brain's reward center, triggering the release of dopamine. That's the same brain chemical released by drug use, gambling and other addictive behaviors.
"Most people report that shopping is fun and exciting, and they like seeing new products in the stores," said University of Iowa psychiatry professor Dr. Donald Black, who earlier this year wrote a review article about shopping addiction. “The reality is that shopping is America's No. 1 pastime and most people shop because it's enjoyable to them."
Dopamine is a powerful brain chemical that gives you a shopping high. Just as people on drugs make bad choices, people caught up in a shopping high can make bad choices, too. That's why impulse purchases, overspending and buyer's remorse are so common.
Everybody at some point has spent too much money at the store or regretted a purchase. Indiana University professor Ruth Engs, who studies shopping addiction, says true shopping addicts buy things they never use — often they have racks of clothes and other items with the price tags still attached. Instead of buying one or two items as they intended, they return from a shopping excursion with bags and bags of purchases. And sometimes they hide purchases from family members.
When considering an impulse purchase, the best advice is to put it on hold for a day. Walking away will allow you to recover from the dopamine surge of shopping so you can think more clearly about whether you really need and can afford the item.
Dr. Engs notes that the holidays can trigger shopping binges among those who are not compulsive the rest of the year. If you're feeling caught up in the holiday shopping frenzy, Dr. Engs has created a Web site with advice to help people make better shopping decisions. Among her do's and don'ts:
Create a shopping list and stick to it. Say no to impulse purchases.
Use cash and debit cards and leave credit cards at home. The reality of your bank account will prevent you from succumbing to shopping excitement.
Don't shop when you're traveling or visiting relatives. Shopping in a new place adds to the novelty of shopping and puts you at risk for buying things you don't need.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
When Shopping Puts the Happy in Your Holidays
From: The New York Times, Sep 28, 2012
For many people, the real joy of the holiday season comes from shopping, whether it's getting to the store at 4 a.m. for the best bargains or finding that impossible-to-find holiday toy.
对于许多人来说，节假日真正让人高兴的事情非购物莫属，至于是凌晨四点在商店门口排队，好抢到最划算的商品，还是淘到稀罕的宝贝，这些倒无关紧要。
bargain
bargain /ˈbɑː.ɡɪn/ 1）表示“便宜货，廉价品”，英文解释为“something on sale at a lower price than its true value”举个🌰：This coat was half-price - a real bargain. 这件大衣是半价买的——真便宜。
2）表示“协议；交易”，英文解释为“an agreement between two people or groups in which each promises to do something in exchange for something else”举个🌰：The management and employees eventually struck/made a bargain (= reached an agreement). 劳资双方最终达成了协议。
作动词，表示“（与某人就某事）讨价还价，商讨条件”，英文解释为“to discuss prices, conditions, etc. with sb in order to reach an agreement that is acceptable”举个🌰：He said he wasn't prepared to bargain. 他说他不愿讨价还价。
The pleasure you feel from every shopping victory is real. Shopping, like any new or exciting experience, activates the brain's reward center, triggering the release of dopamine. That's the same brain chemical released by drug use, gambling and other addictive behaviors.
每次购物凯旋而归时，你感受到的欢愉都是真真切切存在的。购物和其他所有新鲜或令人兴奋的体验一切，都会激活大脑的奖赏中枢（reward center），刺激多巴胺的释放。通过吸毒、赌博或其他上瘾性行为，大脑都会释放出多巴胺这种化合物。
trigger
trigger /ˈtrɪɡ.ər/ 1）作动词，除了表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction. 坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。
2）作名词，表示“扳机”，英文解释为“The trigger of a gun is a small lever which you pull to fire it.”举个🌰：A man pointed a gun at them and pulled the trigger. 一个男人用枪指着他们，扣动了扳机。
类似的还有：
📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”举个🌰：The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination. 这首诗能够激发起想象力。
📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。
📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。
🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。
dopamine
dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/表示“多巴胺（神经细胞产生的一种作用于其他细胞的化学物质）”，英文解释为“a chemical produced by nerve cells which has an effect on other cells”
"Most people report that shopping is fun and exciting, and they like seeing new products in the stores," said University of Iowa psychiatry professor Dr. Donald Black, who earlier this year wrote a review article about shopping addiction. “The reality is that shopping is America's No. 1 pastime and most people shop because it's enjoyable to them."
“大部分人都表示购物让人又快乐又兴奋，他们喜欢在店里看到新商品，”艾奥瓦大学（University of Iowa）精神病学教授唐纳德·布莱克（Dr. Donald Black）今年初在一篇关于购物癖的评论中这样写道：“现在的现实就是，购物是美国排名第一位的休闲活动，大部分人购物，是因为他们乐在其中。”
psychiatry
psychiatry /saɪˈkaɪətrɪ/ 表示“精神病学”，英文解释为“Psychiatry is the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of mental illness.”
📍词根“-iatry”表示“医学”，前缀“psych-”表示“精神”。
Dopamine is a powerful brain chemical that gives you a shopping high. Just as people on drugs make bad choices, people caught up in a shopping high can make bad choices, too. That's why impulse purchases, overspending and buyer's remorse are so common.
多巴胺是一种强效的大脑化合物，正是它让你在购物时觉得兴奋不已。使用毒品的人会做出错误的选择，而兴奋购物的人同样也会如此。也正因为，冲动购物、过度花费、事后懊恼不已，才如此屡见不鲜。
impulse
impulse /ˈɪm.pʌls/ 1）表示“脉冲”，英文解释为“a short electrical, radio, or light signal that carries information or instructions between the parts of a system”如：an electrical/nerve impulse 电脉冲/神经冲动。
2）表示“心血来潮的；一时的念头”，英文解释为“An impulse buy or impulse purchase is something that you decide to buy when you see it, although you had not planned to buy it.”举个🌰：The books were an impulse buy. 这些书是一时心血来潮买下的。
on (an) impulse 表示“一时兴起，心血来潮”，英文解释为“because you suddenly want to, although you haven't planned to”
remorse
remorse /rɪˈmɔːs/ 表示“懊悔；悔恨；自责”，英文解释为“a feeling of sadness and being sorry for something you have done”举个🌰：He felt no remorse for the murders he had committed. 他对自己犯下的一桩桩谋杀罪行毫无悔意。
Everybody at some point has spent too much money at the store or regretted a purchase. Indiana University professor Ruth Engs, who studies shopping addiction, says true shopping addicts buy things they never use — often they have racks of clothes and other items with the price tags still attached. Instead of buying one or two items as they intended, they return from a shopping excursion with bags and bags of purchases. And sometimes they hide purchases from family members.
每个人都碰到过在店里不小心多花了一大笔钱，或者为买了某件东西痛心疾首的情况。印第安纳大学（Indiana University）的鲁丝·安格斯（Ruth Engs）教授专门研究购物癖的问题，她说，真正的购物癖患者会购买那些自己永远用不着的东西——在他们的衣柜里，会发现有很多衣服和配饰的价签还没有摘下来。他们不是买一两件真正需要的东西，而是每次提着大包小包的战利品，这才算结束了一次购物之旅。而且有时候他们会把买的东西藏起来，瞒着不让家人看到。
rack
rack /ræk/ 表示“架子；搁物架”，英文解释为“a frame or shelf, often formed of bars, that is used to hold things”如：a vegetable rack 摆放蔬菜的货架。
这里的racks of clothes描述的是大量挂在衣架上的衣服，成堆的衣服。
excursion
excursion /ɪkˈskɜː.ʃən/ 表示“（常指结伴同行的）远足，短途旅行”，英文解释为“a short journey usually made for pleasure, often by a group of people”举个🌰：This year's annual excursion will be to Lincoln. 今年的年度短途旅行目的地是林肯。
When considering an impulse purchase, the best advice is to put it on hold for a day. Walking away will allow you to recover from the dopamine surge of shopping so you can think more clearly about whether you really need and can afford the item.
有冲动购物的想法时，最好的办法是搁置一天，转身离开，这样你可以让飙升的多巴胺水平慢慢降下来，能更清楚地想一想你是否真的需要这件东西，有没有经济实力买它。
surge
surge /sɜːdʒ/ 1）作动词，表示“急剧上升；飞涨；剧增”，英文解释为“If something surges, it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly.”举个🌰：The company's profits have surged. 公司的利润激增。
2）表示“涌动，蜂拥向前”，英文解释为“to move quickly and powerfully”举个🌰：An angry crowd surged through the gates of the president's palace. 愤怒的人群涌进了总统府的大门。
3）作名词，表示“剧增”，英文解释为“A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly.”举个🌰：An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash. 突然出现的电压剧增导致电脑死机。
🎬电影《雷神2：黑暗世界》（Thor: The Dark World）中的台词提到：But she will not survive the amount of energy surging within her. 但她体内涌动的能量太大 她撑不住的。
Dr. Engs notes that the holidays can trigger shopping binges among those who are not compulsive the rest of the year. If you're feeling caught up in the holiday shopping frenzy, Dr. Engs has created a Web site with advice to help people make better shopping decisions. Among her do's and don'ts:
安格斯博士指出，对于那些通常不会强迫性购物的人来说，节假日往往刺激他们肆意消费狂欢。她创建了一个网站，如果你感觉自己正在假日消费的狂热中欲罢不能，可以去这个网站，看看能否帮助你做出更恰当的消费决策。以下是她提出的部分建议：
binge
binge /bɪndʒ/可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“（尤指在饮食和花钱方面）无节制的狂热行为，狂欢，放纵，狂闹”，英文解释为“If you binge, you do too much of something, such as drinking alcohol, eating, or spending money.”如：a drinking/eating/spending binge 狂饮/暴食/滥花钱，举个🌰：He went on a five day drinking binge. 他连续5天狂饮。
📍binge drinking可以指“暴饮（酒），酗酒”（the activity of drinking too much alcohol on one occasion）。
📍binge watching可以理解为“无节制地狂看某部电视连续剧”或者说“追剧，刷剧”；binge-watch作动词，举个🌰：We binge-watched an entire season of Breaking Bad on Sunday. 我们星期天一口气看完了整季的《绝命毒师》。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述奈飞（Netflix）的文章中提到：Investors lap it up as hungrily as Netflix binge-watchers, who now number 193m worldwide. 投资者对奈飞的追捧一如从世界各地到它网上追剧的1.93亿人。
compulsive
compulsive /kəmˈpʌl.sɪv/ 表示“难以抑制的；强烈冲动引起的；强迫性的；强制性的”，英文解释为“doing something a lot and unable to stop doing it”如：a compulsive liar/thief/eater 撒谎成性的人/惯偷/饮食无节制的人。
另一个含义是形容电影、戏、体育项目、书等“引人入胜的，欲罢不能的”，英文解释为“If a film, play, sports event, book, etc. is compulsive, it is so interesting or exciting that you do not want to stop watching or reading it.”举个🌰：Her latest book is compulsive reading/a compulsive read. 她的新书让人难以释卷。
do's and don'ts
dos and don'ts = do's and don'ts表示“规定，规则；规矩”，英文解释为“rules about actions and activities that people should or should not perform or take part in”举个🌰：The teacher spent ten minutes explaining all the dos and don'ts in the classroom. 老师花了十分钟解释课堂纪律。
Create a shopping list and stick to it. Say no to impulse purchases.
开一个购物清单，完全照着清单买东西。抵制冲动消费。
stick to sth
stick to sth 1）表示“坚持，固守；忠于”，英文解释为“to limit yourself to doing or using one particular thing and not change to anything else”举个🌰：Could you stick to the point, please? 请不要离题，好吗？
2）表示“遵守（法律或规则）；信守（承诺）”，英文解释为“If you stick to a law, rule, or promise, you obey it or do what it states.”举个🌰：If you make a promise, you should stick to it. 如果你作出了承诺，就必须遵守。
3）stick at sth = stick to/with sth 表示“继续努力做，坚持干”，英文解释为“to continue trying hard to do something difficult”举个🌰：You'll never learn to play the piano if you're not going to stick at it. 如果你不打算持之以恒的话，你永远也学不会弹钢琴。
Use cash and debit cards and leave credit cards at home. The reality of your bank account will prevent you from succumbing to shopping excitement.
用现金和借记卡，将信用卡留在家里。银行账户的冷峻现实，会阻止你被消费的兴奋劲儿给压倒。
debit card
debit card /ˈdeb.ɪt ˌkɑːd/ 表示“借记卡”，英文解释为“a small plastic card that can be used as a method of payment, the money being taken from your bank account automatically”举个🌰：I paid with my debit card. 我用借记卡付了款。
credit card
credit card /ˈkred.ɪt ˌkɑːd/ 表示“信用卡”，英文解释为“a small plastic card that can be used as a method of payment, the money being taken from you at a later time”
succumb
succumb /səˈkʌm/ 1）表示“屈从，屈服；放弃抵抗；承认失败”，英文解释为“to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat”举个🌰：I'm afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cake. 我还是没顶住诱惑，吃了一块蛋糕。
2）表示“病死；生病；受病痛折磨”，英文解释为“to die or suffer badly from an illness”举个🌰：Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months. 过去几个月里，几千头奶牛都得了这种病。
📍词根“-cumb”表示"躺下"，前缀“suc-”表示"下面"。想象一个人因为受伤而"succumb"。
Don't shop when you're traveling or visiting relatives. Shopping in a new place adds to the novelty of shopping and puts you at risk for buying things you don't need.
在旅行或走亲访友时不要买东西。在新地方购物会增加消费的新鲜感，更容易让你买下不需要的东西。
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