手术治疗
❸在扩髓的同时产生的骨泥具有内植骨作用,还可进行髓内植骨。扩髓和置钉在短期内会影响骨内膜的血供,但是却能够引发骨膜的血管反应,能够刺激骨形成。
完全经皮完成髓内钉内固定技术是不可能的,特别是对于治疗骨不连时。如果需要进行切开,最好进行植骨来补偿对骨内膜和骨外膜血供的损伤。髓内针固定的禁忌证包括活动性感染,儿童等。
对机体损伤小,不干扰骨不连周围的软组织,还不影响同时进行的伤口外科治疗; 断端应力分布均匀,无应力遮挡; 局部感染条件下仍可使用。
操作复杂,疗程长,并存在针道感染,神经、血管牵拉损伤等并发症,需要较长时间的随访观察。
闭合治疗
BMP-2 多用于胫骨骨不连的治疗。与 BMP-2 相比,BMP-7 的疗效可能较好。
骨不连的部位、类型,BMP 载体的种类,以及骨缺损的程度都是影响 BMP 疗效的重要因素,如何降低其生产成本也是临床推广应用亟待解决的问题。
❷转化生长因子(TGF)可刺激未分化的间充质细胞增殖、分化,促进成骨细胞和成软骨细胞增生,刺激 Ⅱ 型胶原的合成,诱导膜内成骨及软骨内成骨过程,局部应用可促进和加速骨折愈合。
❸碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)有刺激成纤维细胞合成的作用,可促进软骨细胞、间质细胞、成骨细胞的有丝分裂许多重要生理过程如创伤愈合、血管发生、胚胎发育等都有参与。
局部应用生长因子的缺点是这些生物蛋白质半衰期短,治疗费用昂贵,这些生长因子的应用目前还处于临床试验阶段。
作者:孙小六
题图:文末文献
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