在英语中,can、could 和 be able to 是表示能力和可能性的常用表达。它们的用法有些相似,但也各有侧重点。今天我们将详细剖析这三个表达的用法,包括例句、句式和注意事项,帮助你全面掌握它们的语法知识。
1.
Can 的用法
Can 用于表达现在或一般情况下的能力与可能性。它适合描述技能、才艺、以及当下可能完成的事情。
常见用法:
表达能力
"Serge can play the piano."(Serge 会弹钢琴。)
"I can swim very well."(我游泳很棒。)
表达可能性
"We can park in front of the school."(我们可以在学校前面停车。)
"Can I call you later?"(我可以稍后打电话给你吗?)
否定形式:
"I can't do this."(我做不到这件事。)
"Barbara is sick and can't go to work today."(Barbara 生病了,今天无法上班。)
用于请求或提议(较为非正式):
"Can I help you?"(我可以帮你吗?)
"Can we finish early today?"(我们今天可以早点结束吗?)
句型结构:
肯定句:主语 + can + 动词原形
例:"She can sing beautifully."
否定句:主语 + can't/cannot + 动词原形
例:"I can't finish my homework today."
疑问句:Can + 主语 + 动词原形
例:"Can you help me?"
Wh- 问句:Wh- + can + 主语 + 动词原形
例:"Why can't you attend the meeting?"
2.
Could 的用法
Could 是 can 的过去式,用于描述过去的能力或可能性,也可以用于礼貌的请求与提议。
常见用法:
表达过去的能力
"I could read when I was three years old."(我三岁时就会读书了。)
"She could dance really well."(她跳舞跳得很好。)
表达过去的可能性
"At my old job, we could wear headphones."(在我以前的工作中,我们可以戴耳机。)
否定形式:
"I couldn't open the door."(我打不开门。)
"We couldn't afford to buy a house."(我们买不起房子。)
用于请求或提议(较为正式/中性):
"Could you hold the door for me, please?"(你能帮我扶一下门吗?)
"Could I have another chance?"(我能再要一次机会吗?)
句型结构:
肯定句:主语 + could + 动词原形
例:"He could sing the alphabet when he was two."
否定句:主语 + couldn't/could not + 动词原形
例:"The car couldn't move."
疑问句:Could + 主语 + 动词原形
例:"Could you do this for me?"
Wh- 问句:Wh- + could + 主语 + 动词原形
例:"What could you see?"
练习:
问题:十岁时你有哪些能力?哪些事情你还做不到?
答案模板:
"By the time I was 10 years old, I could... However, I couldn't..."
3.
Be Able To 的用法
Be able to 是一个更加灵活的表达,可以用于描述现在、过去或未来的能力或可能性。相比于 can 和 could,它的语法范围更广,还可以表示完成某个具体的动作或事件。
常见用法:
表达能力或可能性
"She will be able to get a job after graduation."(毕业后她会找到工作。)
"We were able to clean up in 30 minutes."(我们30分钟内整理好了。)
"I am able to swim."(我能游泳。)
现在:
过去:
未来:
表达成功或失败
"I haven't been able to contact Mark all morning."(整个上午我都联系不上 Mark。)
"We were able to fix the problem."(我们成功地解决了问题。)
搭配情态动词
"You might be able to find a better price online."(你可能在线上找到更便宜的价格。)
"To work here, you have to be able to talk to people."(在这里工作,你必须能与人交流。)
句型结构:
肯定句:主语 + be able to + 动词原形
例:"He is able to hire and fire people."
否定句:主语 + be not able to + 动词原形
例:"I am not able to attend the meeting."
疑问句:Be + 主语 + able to + 动词原形
例:"Are you able to hear me?"
Wh- 问句:Wh- + be + 主语 + able to + 动词原形
例:"What are you able to do?"
练习:
问题:你将来希望能做到什么?
答案模板:
"In the future, I would like to be able to..."
对比总结
用法 | Can | Could | Be Able To |
---|---|---|---|
时间范围 | 现在/一般情况 | 过去 | 现在、过去、未来都适用 |
否定形式 | Can't / Cannot | Couldn't / Could not | Be not able to |
礼貌程度 | 比较非正式 | 中性 | 正式场合更常用 |
特殊用法 | 提议、请求 | 更礼貌的提议、请求 | 表示成功或失败,搭配情态动词更灵活 |
常见错误提示
Can 和 Be Able To 不重复使用:
错误:I can be able to swim.
正确:I can swim 或 I am able to swim.
注意时态一致:
错误:I couldn't do it now.
正确:I can't do it now.
礼貌用法注意场合:
错误:"Can you hold the door for me?" 在正式场合使用。
正确:"Could you hold the door for me?" 更加得体。
Can 和 Be Able To 不重复使用:
错误:I can be able to swim.
正确:I can swim 或 I am able to swim.
注意时态一致:
错误:I couldn't do it now.
正确:I can't do it now.
礼貌用法注意场合:
错误:"Can you hold the door for me?" 在正式场合使用。
正确:"Could you hold the door for me?" 更加得体。