Last year, the tech giant Huawei catapulted to the top of the smartphone market in China when it released the Mate 60 Pro, a phone that contained a tiny computer chip more advanced than any previously made by a Chinese company.
去年，科技巨头华为发布了Mate 60 Pro手机，这款手机搭载了一枚比中国公司此前制造的任何芯片都要先进的微型计算机芯片，从而在中国智能手机市场一跃登顶。
The chips used by Huawei's smartphones have become a symbol in the struggle between China and the United States for control over advanced technology.
华为智能手机所使用的芯片已成为中美两国争夺先进技术控制权斗争的象征。
Policymakers in Washington have spent years trying to prevent Chinese companies from being able to make the kind of chip Huawei uses in its Mate phone. But Huawei has pressed ahead, and the phone has burnished its image as a national leader, triumphant in the face of U.S. restrictions.
华盛顿的政策制定者多年来一直试图阻止中国公司制造华为Mate手机所使用的那种芯片。但华为一直在推进，这款手机也提升了其作为国家顶尖产品的形象，在美国限制面前依然取得了胜利。
Shoppers in China were excited to buy a phone with state-of-the-art components that had been made entirely at home. Huawei was able to appeal to Chinese customers who previously would have been more likely to buy iPhones, eating into Apple's most important market outside the United States.
中国消费者对于购买一款完全国产、拥有最先进组件的手机感到兴奋。华为吸引了那些以前更可能购买iPhone的中国消费者，从而侵蚀了苹果在美国以外最重要的市场。
On Tuesday, Huawei unveiled the next generation of that phone, the Mate 70 series, from its offices in Shenzhen in southeastern China. Richard Yu, Huawei's consumer group chairman, called the flagship device the "smartest" Mate phone.
周二，华为在中国东南部的深圳办公室发布了该手机的下一代产品——Mate 70系列。华为消费者业务集团董事长余承东称这款旗舰设备是“最智能”的Mate手机。
Powered by its homegrown operating system, HarmonyOS Next, which was officially launched last month, the Mate 70 series has artificial intelligence-enabled functions, including improved photography, live transcription and translation of phone calls. Apple has yet to release its A.I. features in China.
Mate 70系列搭载华为上月正式发布的自研操作系统HarmonyOS Next，具备人工智能功能，包括摄影提升、电话实时转录和翻译等。苹果尚未在中国推出其人工智能功能。
Starting at $760, the price of the Mate 70 is meant to compete with the iPhone in China. HarmonyOS Next allows phones to connect with Huawei's other products: electric cars, smart speakers and watches.
Mate 70的起售价为760美元，意在与中国市场的iPhone竞争。HarmonyOS Next让手机能够与华为的其他产品相连：电动汽车、智能音箱和手表。
But widespread commercial success for the Mate 70 could depend on Huawei's ability to secure a steady supply of chips.
但Mate 70能否取得广泛的商业成功，可能取决于华为能否确保芯片的稳定供应。
The company relied on the Chinese chip maker Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, or SMIC, to make the chips in the Mate 60 Pro. SMIC, which is partly state owned, is the only maker of advanced chips in China. Analysts said they believed Huawei had again turned to SMIC for the Mate 70. Huawei did not reveal details on Tuesday about the chips in the new phone.
华为依赖中国芯片制造商中芯国际来制造Mate 60 Pro中的芯片。中芯国际部分由国有控股，是中国唯一一家先进芯片制造商。分析师表示，他们认为华为再次选择了中芯国际来为Mate 70制造芯片。华为周二没有透露新手机中芯片的细节。
A critical question is how advanced the chips are, because that can determine whether they can perform more sophisticated tasks like A.I. at a faster speed.
一个关键问题是芯片有多先进，因为这决定了它们是否能以更快的速度执行更复杂的任务，如人工智能任务。
U.S. officials seeking to control China's chip development say advanced technology is essential not just for consumer technology like chatbots but also for military superiority. They have tried to prevent Chinese companies from buying these kinds of chips and related machinery, leaving SMIC dependent on dated tools.
寻求控制中国芯片发展的美国官员表示，先进技术不仅对聊天机器人等消费技术至关重要，对军事优势也同样重要。他们试图阻止中国公司购买这类芯片和相关设备，导致中芯国际只能依赖过时的工具。
Experts say SMIC has strained to make enough chips for Huawei. Even though production for some parts in Huawei's latest phones began in July, the Mate 70 has not gone on sale until now because it has been challenging for Huawei to acquire enough chips, said Lori Chang, a senior analyst at Isaiah Research, a market research company.
专家表示，中芯国际一直在努力为华为制造足够的芯片。市场研究公司Isaiah Research的高级分析师洛里·常表示，尽管华为最新手机的部分零件生产从7月就开始，但直到现在才推出Mate 70，因为华为很难获得足够的芯片。
SMIC did not respond to a request for comment.
中芯国际没有回应置评请求。
As of Tuesday, over three million people had signed up on Huawei's website to reserve the company's latest flagship phone, which does not require a deposit. The premium version of the Mate 70 is set to go on sale in China on Tuesday, according to Huawei's website.
截至周二，已有超过300万人在华为网站上预订了这款最新的旗舰手机，预订无需押金。根据华为网站，Mate 70的高端版本将于周二在中国开售。
Huawei has been working for years to position itself as synonymous with the country's tech industry, as Apple is with Silicon Valley. Resurgence in spite of Washington's controls is a crucial part of this image.
多年来，华为一直致力于将自己打造成中国科技产业的代名词，就像苹果与硅谷一样。尽管面临华盛顿的管控，但依然强势复苏，这是其形象塑造的关键部分。
A top Huawei executive, Meng Wanzhou, became a hero to many in China after her return in 2021 following almost three years of detention in Canada while facing fraud charges in the United States. A series of trade restrictions against Huawei first put in place during the Trump administration pummeled its profits in 2022. Since Ms. Meng's release, Huawei has expanded its product range and developed some of China's most advanced A.I. technology.
华为高管孟晚舟2021年回国后，在中国成为了许多人心中的英雄。此前，她在加拿大被拘留近三年，面临美国的欺诈指控。特朗普政府时期首次实施的一系列针对华为的贸易限制，使其在2022年的利润大幅下滑。自孟晚舟获释以来，华为扩大了产品范围，并开发了一些中国最先进的人工智能技术。
Over the past two years, the company has steadily gained ground in China's smartphone market.
过去两年，华为在中国智能手机市场的份额稳步增长。
In 2022, three-quarters of the high-end smartphones sold in China were iPhones. This year, it was just about half, as Huawei's share more than doubled, according to Canalys, a market research firm.
市场研究公司Canalys的数据显示，2022年，中国售出的高端智能手机中有四分之三是iPhone。而今年，这一比例仅约为一半，因为华为的市场份额翻了一番多。
"Huawei's goal over the past few years has been consistent — to reclaim some of the market share that iPhone holds in China," Ms. Chang said.
“华为过去几年的目标一直是一致的——夺回iPhone在中国所占的一些市场份额，”常女士说。
Huawei faces stiff competition from domestic rivals like Xiaomi and Oppo, which sell less expensive devices. To compete, Huawei will have to sell more midrange models, too, said Toby Zhu, a senior analyst at Canalys.
华为面临着来自国内竞争对手如小米和OPPO的激烈竞争，这些公司销售的设备价格更低。Canalys的高级分析师托比·朱表示，为了竞争，华为也必须销售更多的中端机型。
But even those devices will require a large number of chips. And as chip makers like the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, or TSMC, stop sending chips to Chinese clients, this could become increasingly difficult as more companies will depend on SMIC for advanced chips.
但即便是这些设备也需要大量的芯片。而随着台湾省台积电等制造商停止向客户发送芯片，随着越来越多公司依赖中芯国际获取先进芯片，这可能会变得越来越困难。
"Not only Huawei but now all China-based A.I. makers, they face the same issue," said Linda Sui, a senior director at TechInsights, a market research firm. "If they all ship through SMIC, that's going to make the supply constraints even worse next year."
“不仅是华为，现在所有中国的AI制造商都面临同样的问题，”市场研究公司TechInsights的高级总监琳达·隋说，“如果他们都通过中芯国际出货，那明年供应紧张的情况将会更加严重。” “如果它们全部通过SMIC发货，明年的供应限制将更加严重。”
