你喜欢吃红薯吗？
🤔️小作业：
1. What is the main reason sweet potatoes are considered beneficial for managing blood sugar levels?
A) They have high potassium content.
B) They are rich in naturally occurring sugars.
C) They contain a substantial amount of dietary fiber.
D) They are an excellent source of vitamin A.
A) Enhancing eye health.
B) Regulating blood pressure.
C) Boosting antioxidant production in the body.
D) Supporting bone strength.
无注释原文：
How Healthy Are Sweet Potatoes?
From: The New York Times
The marshmallows notwithstanding, sweet potatoes are one of the healthiest foods on your Thanksgiving table. They're full of nutrients that keep your systems humming and your blood sugar steady, and they can even reduce your cancer risk.
They're a natural source of electrolytes.
Sweet potatoes are a good source of potassium, an electrolyte that you sweat out when you exercise. The body relies on potassium, which carries a charge, to send electrical signals between nerves, said Holly Gilligan, a registered dietitian at the University of Rochester Medical Center's Fitness Science program. Potassium helps to keep your nerves firing, your heart beating and your muscles contracting. One medium cooked sweet potato contains around 350 milligrams of potassium — about 12 percent of the recommended daily amount for an average adult and more than six times what you get in a 12-ounce bottle of Gatorade.
Potassium also helps you maintain a healthy blood pressure. “The body is constantly trying to keep potassium in balance with another electrolyte: sodium,” said Dave Bridges, a biochemist and associate professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Michigan. Sodium causes the body to hold onto fluids, increasing the volume of our blood; if there's too much sodium, blood pressure can become unhealthily high, he explained. Potassium stimulates the kidneys to excrete sodium and also causes blood vessels to relax.
They won't spike your blood sugar.
Sweet potatoes get their signature flavor from naturally occurring sugars; one medium sweet potato has around nine grams. “For some context, that's about a quarter of what you would find in a regular soda,” Dr. Bridges said.
But unlike a sugary beverage, sweet potatoes are relatively high in dietary fiber (about four grams per potato). Fiber is a lot of work for the body to digest, which slows down the breakdown of sugar, said Judy Simon, a clinical dietitian at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle. Blood sugar levels spike when you consume soda, but when you eat a sweet potato, blood sugar levels rise gradually.
High-fiber foods, including sweet potatoes, can even boost the body's production of GLP-1, the hormone that drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy mimic, Ms. Simon said. GLP-1 stimulates the release of insulin and slows down digestion, which helps you feel full for longer.
They're rich in vitamins and minerals.
One medium sweet potato contains more than 100 percent of the recommended daily amount of vitamin A — primarily in the form of beta-carotene, which gives the vegetable its vibrant orange color. In addition, a medium sweet potato contains roughly 20 percent of the recommended daily amount of vitamin C. Both vitamins are powerful antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals — unstable oxygen molecules that can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risk of cancer and other diseases. Vitamin A is also an important building block for proteins inside the retina that detect light, making it essential for vision, Dr. Bridges said. And the body needs vitamin C to absorb iron, Ms. Simon said.
Sweet potatoes also contain high levels of copper and manganese, which the body uses to produce antioxidants in-house, Dr. Bridges said.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
How Healthy Are Sweet Potatoes?
From: The New York Times
The marshmallows notwithstanding, sweet potatoes are one of the healthiest foods on your Thanksgiving table. They're full of nutrients that keep your systems humming and your blood sugar steady, and they can even reduce your cancer risk.
尽管要加棉花糖，但红薯是感恩节餐桌上最健康的食物之一。它们营养丰富，能帮助身体系统运转，稳定血糖，甚至还能降低患癌症的风险。
marshmallow
marshmallow /ˌmɑːʃˈmæl.əʊ/ 表示“棉花软糖”，英文解释为“a soft, sweet, pink or white food”举个🌰：Why don't we toast some marshmallows over the fire? 何不在火上烤些棉花软糖呢？
notwithstanding
notwithstanding /ˌnɒt.wɪðˈstæn.dɪŋ/ 表示“尽管”，英文解释为“despite the fact or thing mentioned”举个🌰：Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan. 尽管遭到一些成员的反对，我还是认为我们应该实施该计划。Injuries notwithstanding, the team won the semifinal. 尽管队员有伤病，球队还是在半决赛中获胜。
nutrient
nutrient /ˈnjuː.tri.ənt/ 表示“养分；营养物，滋养物”，英文解释为“any substance that plants or animals need in order to live and grow”举个🌰：It's good soil - full of nutrients. 这土壤肥沃——养分很足。
humming
hum /hʌm/ 作名词，表示“持续低沉的噪音；嗡嗡声”，英文解释为“a continuous low noise”举个🌰：Our house is on a main road, so we can hear the constant hum of traffic. 我们的房子在大路旁，所以能听见持续不断的交通噪声。
作动词，1）hum /hʌm/ 表示“发出连续低沉的声音，嗡嗡作响”，英文解释为“to make a continuous low sound”举个🌰：The computers were humming in the background. 计算机在背景中嗡嗡作响。
2）表示“忙乱，忙碌;嘈杂”，英文解释为“to be busy and full of activity, excitement, sounds, or voices”举个🌰：The bar was really humming last night. 昨晚酒吧里一片乱哄哄的。
They're a natural source of electrolytes.
它们是电解质的天然来源。
electrolyte
electrolyte /iˈlek.trə.laɪt/ 表示“电解质；（通常指）电解液”，英文解释为“a substance, usually a liquid, that electricity can go through, or that separates into its parts when electricity goes through it”
Sweet potatoes are a good source of potassium, an electrolyte that you sweat out when you exercise. The body relies on potassium, which carries a charge, to send electrical signals between nerves, said Holly Gilligan, a registered dietitian at the University of Rochester Medical Center's Fitness Science program. Potassium helps to keep your nerves firing, your heart beating and your muscles contracting. One medium cooked sweet potato contains around 350 milligrams of potassium — about 12 percent of the recommended daily amount for an average adult and more than six times what you get in a 12-ounce bottle of Gatorade.
红薯是钾的良好来源，钾是一种电解质，会随运动出汗排出。罗彻斯特大学医学中心健身科学项目的注册营养师霍莉·吉利根说，人体依靠携带电荷的钾离子在神经之间传递电信号。钾有助于保持神经兴奋、心脏跳动和肌肉收缩。一个中等大小的熟红薯含有大约350毫克的钾——大约是普通成年人每日推荐摄入量的12%，是一瓶12盎司（约合340克）的佳得乐含钾量的六倍多。
potassium
potassium /pəˈtæs.i.əm/ 表示“钾”，英文解释为“a silver-white chemical element that, when combined with other elements, is used in the production of soap, glass, and fertilizers (= substances that help plants to grow)”
charge
charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ 作动词，表示“（警方）指控，控告”，英文解释为“(of the police) to make a formal statement saying that someone is accused of a crime”举个🌰：She's been charged with murder. 她被控谋杀。
作名词，1）表示“指控”，英文解释为“A charge is a formal accusation that someone has committed a crime.”举个🌰：He may still face criminal charges. 他也许仍旧要面对刑事指控。
2）表示“（电器的）储电量;电荷”，英文解释为“an attack in which people or animals suddenly run forward”
nerve
nerve /nɜːv/ 1）表示“神经”，英文解释为“a group of long, thin fibres (= structures like threads) that carry information or instructions between the brain and other parts of the body”如：the optic nerve 视神经。
2）表示“勇气；胆量；魄力”，英文解释为“the courage or confidence necessary to do something difficult, unpleasant, or rude”
dietitian
dietitian /ˌdaɪ.əˈtɪʃ.ən/ 表示“饮食保健专家，营养学家，营养师”，英文解释为“a person who scientifically studies and gives advice about food and eating”
milligram
milligram /ˈmɪl.ɪ.ɡræm/ 表示“毫克”，英文解释为“a unit of mass that is equal to 0.001 grams”
ounce
ounce /aʊns/ 表示“盎司（重量单位）”，英文解释为“a unit of weight equal to approximately 28 grams”举个🌰：There are 16 ounces in one pound. 1磅等于16盎司。
📍1盎司=28.350克
Potassium also helps you maintain a healthy blood pressure. “The body is constantly trying to keep potassium in balance with another electrolyte: sodium,” said Dave Bridges, a biochemist and associate professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Michigan. Sodium causes the body to hold onto fluids, increasing the volume of our blood; if there's too much sodium, blood pressure can become unhealthily high, he explained. Potassium stimulates the kidneys to excrete sodium and also causes blood vessels to relax.
钾还有助于保持健康血压。密歇根大学生物化学家、营养科学副教授戴夫·布里奇斯说：“人体一直在努力保持钾与另一种电解质钠之间的平衡。”他解释说，钠会使身体保持体液，增加血液容量；他解释说，如果钠摄入过多，血压就会变得过高。钾能刺激肾脏排出钠，也使血管放松。
sodium
sodium /ˈsəʊ.di.əm/ 表示“钠”，英文解释为“a soft, silver-white chemical element that is found in salt”
fluid
fluid /ˈfluː.ɪd/ 表示“液体；流质”，英文解释为“a substance that flows and is not solid”举个🌰：If you have a fever you should drink plenty of fluids. 如果发烧，应多喝流质。
作形容词，表示“流畅的”，英文解释为“smooth and continuous”如：fluid movements 流畅的动作。
stimulate
1）表示“刺激，使兴奋；使感兴趣”，英文解释为“to make someone excited and interested about something”举个🌰：The show was intended to stimulate and amuse. 这部电影的主要目的是助兴和娱乐。
2）表示“激发，激励；促进”，英文解释为“to encourage something to grow, develop, or become active”举个🌰：It plans to cut taxes in order to stimulate the economy. 计划减税以刺激经济发展。
kidney
kidney /ˈkɪd.ni/ 表示“肾，肾脏”，英文解释为“either of a pair of small organs in the body that take away waste matter from the blood to produce urine”如：kidney failure 肾脏衰竭。
excrete
excrete /ɪkˈskriːt/ 表示“排泄”，英文解释为“to get rid of material such as solid waste or urine from the body”举个🌰：Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body. 大部分毒素被自然排出体外。
blood vessel
blood vessel /ˈblʌd ˌves.əl/ 表示“血管”，英文解释为“any of the tubes through which blood flows in the body”
They won't spike your blood sugar.
它们不会令血糖骤升。
spike
spike /spaɪk/ 在年度词汇盘点文章中基本都会出现这个词，1）作名词，可以理解为“峰值”或者“激增；猛增；急升”，英文解释为“a sharp increase in the magnitude or concentration of something”如：a spike in oil prices 油价的急剧上涨。
2）也可以作动词，同样表示“激增”，英文解释为“if the number or rate of something spikes, it increases quickly and by a large amount ”举个🌰：New orders have spiked in the last two years. 新订单在过去两年里激增。
3）作名词，表示“尖头，尖刺；（尤指金属的）尖状物”，英文解释为“a narrow, thin shape with a sharp point at one end, or something, especially a piece of metal, with this shape”
4）spikes表示“（某些运动鞋上的）防滑鞋钉；钉鞋”，英文解释为“a set of short, pointed pieces of metal or plastic, attached to the bottom of shoes worn for particular sports, that stop the person wearing the shoes from sliding on the ground, or shoes with these pointed pieces”
Sweet potatoes get their signature flavor from naturally occurring sugars; one medium sweet potato has around nine grams. “For some context, that's about a quarter of what you would find in a regular soda,” Dr. Bridges said.
红薯的独特风味来自于天然糖分；一个中等大小的红薯大约含有九克糖分。“在某些情况下，这大约是普通汽水的四分之一，”布里奇斯说。
But unlike a sugary beverage, sweet potatoes are relatively high in dietary fiber (about four grams per potato). Fiber is a lot of work for the body to digest, which slows down the breakdown of sugar, said Judy Simon, a clinical dietitian at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle. Blood sugar levels spike when you consume soda, but when you eat a sweet potato, blood sugar levels rise gradually.
但与含糖饮料不同，红薯的膳食纤维含量相对较高（每个红薯约四克）。西雅图华盛顿大学医学中心的临床营养师朱迪·西蒙说，人体消化纤维需要做很多工作，这会减缓糖的分解。喝汽水时，血糖水平会骤升，但是吃红薯的时候，血糖水平是逐渐上升的。
beverage
beverage /ˈbev.ər.ɪdʒ/ 表示“饮料”，英文解释为“a drink of any type”举个🌰：Hot beverages include tea, coffee, and hot chocolate. 热饮包括茶、咖啡和热巧克力饮料。
dietary fiber
dietary fiber /ˌdaɪ.ə.tər.i ˈfaɪ.bər/ 表示“膳食纤维”，指人体无法消化的植物食物的不可消化部分。它也被称为粗纤维或纤维素。
digest
digest /daɪˈdʒest/ 作动词，1）表示“（使）消化”，英文解释为“to change food in your stomach into substances that your body can use”举个🌰：Sit still and allow your meal to digest. 静静地坐着，让胃里的食物消化消化。
2）表示“理解，吸收（信息）”，英文解释为“to read or hear new information and take the necessary time to understand it”举个🌰：This chapter is so difficult to digest, I'll have to read it again later. 这一章不容易理解消化，稍后我还得再看一遍。
作名词，表示“文摘，摘要；文汇，简报”，英文解释为“a short written report providing the most important parts of a larger piece of writing, or one containing recent news”举个🌰：A digest of the research findings is now available. 研究成果的简报已经出来了。
High-fiber foods, including sweet potatoes, can even boost the body's production of GLP-1, the hormone that drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy mimic, Ms. Simon said. GLP-1 stimulates the release of insulin and slows down digestion, which helps you feel full for longer.
西蒙说，包括红薯在内的高纤维食物甚至可以促进人体分泌GLP-1，这种激素是胰妥赞(Ozempic)和诺和盈(Wegovy)等药物所模仿的。GLP-1刺激胰岛素的释放，减缓消化，帮助你长时间保持饱腹感。
hormone
hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/ 表示“激素；荷尔蒙”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body or in a plant that encourages growth or influences how the cells and tissues function; an artificial substance that has similar effects”，如：growth hormones 生长激素。
insulin
insulin /ˈɪnsjəlɪn/表示“胰岛素”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood (by influencing the rate at which it is removed); a similar artificial substance given to people whose bodies do not produce enough naturally”
They're rich in vitamins and minerals.
它们富含维生素和矿物质。
vitamin
vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ 表示“维生素；维他命”，英文解释为“any of a group of natural substances that are necessary in small amounts for the growth and good health of the body”如：a vitamin pill 维生素片。
mineral
mineral /ˈmɪn.ər.əl/ 作形容词，表示“矿物的；含矿物的，有矿物质的”，英文解释为“being or consisting of a mineral or minerals”如：a mineral deposit (= substance or layer that is left) 矿层。
也可以直接作名词，表示“（人体所需的）矿物质”，英文解释为“a chemical that your body needs to stay healthy”举个🌰：A healthy diet should supply all necessary vitamins and minerals. 一份健康的饮食应该提供所有必要的维生素和矿物质。
One medium sweet potato contains more than 100 percent of the recommended daily amount of vitamin A — primarily in the form of beta-carotene, which gives the vegetable its vibrant orange color. In addition, a medium sweet potato contains roughly 20 percent of the recommended daily amount of vitamin C. Both vitamins are powerful antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals — unstable oxygen molecules that can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risk of cancer and other diseases. Vitamin A is also an important building block for proteins inside the retina that detect light, making it essential for vision, Dr. Bridges said. And the body needs vitamin C to absorb iron, Ms. Simon said.
一个中等大小的红薯的维生素A含量就已经超过了每日推荐量——主要以β-胡萝卜素的形式存在，它使得红薯呈现出鲜艳的橙色。此外，一个中等大小的红薯含有大约20%的每日推荐量的维生素C。这两种维生素都是强大的抗氧化剂，可以中和自由基——它是一种不稳定的氧分子，会破坏细胞和DNA，增加患癌症和其他疾病的风险。布里奇斯说，维生素A也是视网膜内检测光线的蛋白质的重要组成部分，因此对视力至关重要。西蒙说，人体需要维生素C来吸收铁。
antioxidant
antioxidant /ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənt/ 表示“抗氧化剂，阻氧化剂，防老（化）剂”，英文解释为“a substance that slows down the rate at which something decays because of oxidization”
neutralize
neutralize /ˈnjuː.trə.laɪz/ 1）表示“抵消，使失效”，英文解释为“to stop something from having an effect”
2）表示“使中立；使中和”，英文解释为“to make something neutral”如：to neutralize an acid/odour 中和酸/祛味，举个🌰：Acidity in soil can be neutralized by spreading lime on it. 在土壤上面撒石灰可以中和其酸性。
molecule
molecule /ˈmɒl.ɪ.kjuːl/ 表示“分子”，英文解释为“the smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature”举个🌰：A molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. 水分子由两个氢原子和一个氧原子构成。
形容词性：
📍molecular /məʊˈlɛkjʊlə/ 表示“分子的”，英文解释为“Molecular means relating to or involving molecules.”，如：the molecular structure of fuel 燃料的分子结构。
protein
protein /ˈprəʊ.tiːn/ 表示“蛋白质”，英文解释为“one of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong”
retina
retina /ˈret.ɪ.nə/ 表示“视网膜”，英文解释为“the area at the back of the eye that receives light and sends pictures of what the eye sees to the brain”
Sweet potatoes also contain high levels of copper and manganese, which the body uses to produce antioxidants in-house, Dr. Bridges said.
布里奇斯说，红薯还含有大量的铜和锰，人体可以利用这两种物质在体内产生抗氧化剂。
copper
copper /ˈkɒp.ər/ 表示“铜”，英文解释为“a chemical element that is a reddish-brown metal, used especially for making wire and coins”如：copper wire/pipes 铜丝/管，还可以表示“铜板，铜币”。
manganese
manganese /ˈmæŋ.ɡə.niːz/ 表示“（化学元素）锰”，英文解释为“a chemical element that is a grey-white metal, used in the process of making steel”
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