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是捍卫科为此献身的殉道士。有另一种说法认为，近代以来关于罗马梵蒂冈的地心说和哥白尼的日心说的斗争是被严重夸大的。布鲁诺1600年遭受火刑的原因，并非因知行星围绕太阳作圆周运动。然而，人们是否能接受哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢？全世界的人——尤其是权力极大的天主教会是否相信太阳是宇宙中心这一说法呢？由于害怕教会的惩罚，哥白尼在世时不敢公开他的发现。1543年，这一发现才公诸天下。即使在那个时候，哥白尼的发现还不断受到教会高无上的真理，凡是违背圣经的学说，Eighteen months passed. The Chief was in Quebec with Hannah and Abbie awaiting the arrival of Rug, who had been sent by his father to the Mother Land to dispose of two cargoes of timber. It was an unusually cold evening in June. Snow had been falling all day. The neighboring hills were covered with large feathery crystals, which, however, soon melted as the sun appeared for a moment before sinking behind the gray walls of the Castle St. Louis. Just as the evening gun was fired, news had reached the union Hotel that a vessel had been sighted near the Island of Orleans. It was ascertained that it w against a sea voyage from the time they left Liverpool. "Nor is this all," he said; "I have something better still on board for the new settlement, namely, twenty-five English families, who are going to take up land in the township and pay for it in work." "And who nearly turned mutineers," added the captain, slapping him on the shoulder, "did they not, Wright?" "How was that?" asked the Chief. "When we boarded the vessel at Liverpool," replied Rug, "some were bright and cheerful, but most of them were in tears, which showed that they did not leave the Old Land without a struggle. We soon weighed anchor and were under sail with a fair wind, but it came round to the east and blew fresher, so that we were forced to come to anchor not far from the place we left. The ship, as you may see, was fitted up for the timber trade, and has only a small cabin or quarter-deck. On each side are ranged two tiers of berths for passengers providing their own bedding. Along the open space in the middle we placed two rows of large chests which were used sometimes as tables, sometimes as seats—all of which I shall show you presently. There was much noise and confusion before all found berths; crying children, swearing sailors, scolding women, who had not been able to secure the beds they wanted, produced a chorus of a very melancholy nature. The disagreeableness of it was heightened by the darkness of the night and the rolling and a new and better country. "As we neared the banks of Newfoundland a most extraordinary phenomenon was produced by the dashing of the salt water against the bow of the ship in the evening. The water seemed on fire and produced a very fine effect. The next day a mass of ice appeared about two hundred yards distant. It was almost half a mile in length, and was moving south-east. Soon after we found the channel between Cape Breton and Cape Ray, and got into the ice. The captain sent eight men to the bow with fenders. One piece knocked splinters off the bow and threw us all down. About five days later we reached the Island of Anticosti, but I was too ill to see it. We saw porpoises in shoals plunging about the ship, while the sailors tried to harpoon them beneath the bow. About two hundred and eighty miles below Quebec the pilot came on board. His number was painted in large characters on his sail as well as on his boat. He had a cask of fresh water and some maple sugar, which he sold at an extortionate price to the passengers. "Near Bic Island we saw whales spouting water at a great height, and a habitant came out in a boat with a large basket of eggs, which he disposed of at a shilling per dozen, and so we continued on until the domes and towers of Quebec came in sight and I began to realize the inexpressible joy of being at home once more."* * Diary of Rev. Robert Bell and letters of R. Wright. Rug was a young man of great executive ability, a young man whose word could be relied upon with absolute certainty, a young man who proved himself the very soul of honor in all his business transactions.都被斥为“异端邪说”，凡是反对神权统治的人，都被处以火刑。新兴的资产阶级为自己的生存和发展，掀起了一场反对封建制度和教会迷信思想的斗争，出现了人文主义的思潮。他们使用的战斗武器，就是未被神学染污的古希腊的哲学、科学和文艺。这就是震撼欧洲的文艺复兴运动。文艺复兴首先发生于意大利，很快就扩大到波兰及欧洲其他国家。与此同时，商业的活跃也促进了对外贸易的发展。在“黄金”这个符咒的驱使下，许多欧洲冒险者远航非洲、印度及整个远东地区。远洋航行需要丰富的天文和地理知识，从实际中积累起来的观测资料，使人们感到当时流行的“地静天动”的宇宙 CHAPTER IV. AN INDIAN SUITOR. 1803. Machecawa and his friend O'Jawescawa became frequent visitors at the Wigwam. They would come in the morning, uninvited, and sit silently all day long before the open fire and observe all that was going on. The spinning-wheel and hand-loom were objects of unceasing interest to them, and though it proved a great distraction to the children in their studies, and to the girls in the performance of their domestic duties, to have them there, they were always treated not only with respect but with consideration and kindness. One morning Machecawa stood gazing intently into the fire. His face wore an expression of perplexity. At length he turned to the White Chief, who was explaining a mathematical problem to one of his boys, and said: "Big Injun, he want to speak his thoughts from books. He want to know white man's Manitou." "May I teach him, father? Just for an hour every day?" said Chrissy, a tall, fair, thoughtful girl of seventyour neck, Machecawa?" said Bearie, the second son, a short, well knit, sturdy-looking youth of eighteen, whose every expression reflected a bright, happy, generous disposition. "She am my Manitou," replied the Indian. &q39;you no eat no teeng seex days.' By em by I am dream some teeng, me, dat some teeng she am my manitou. She help me kill beeg bear; she mak dem Iroquois dogs run like one wild moose. My fadder she am pleese; she make my manitou on my arm—see!" he said, rolling up his sleeve. On his shoulder was the rude outline of a fish, which had been tatooed with sharp bones and with the juice of berries rubbed in. "But what is in the little bag?" asked Bearie. "Will you let me see it?" After a good deal of reluctance he gave in at last, and two curious boys untied the precious parcel, while the others, equally curious, looked over his shoulders at a few old broken fish bones which were all the little bag contained. "Well, old man," said Bearie, slowly replacing the sacred relics, "we put our faith in something better than that. The white man trusts the Great Spirit in heaven to care for him and to take him to heaven when he dies." "Any bear in hebben?" asked the Indian. "No," said Bearie, "only good people." "Dat hebben she am no good for big Injun," said Machecawa, sadly. "De happy hunting ground she am full of moose, buffalo, bear, beaver. She am far, far away at de end of land, where de sun she sleep—two, tree moons away. One beeg dog she am cross, an' she bark at dead Injun, but he go on, an' on, an' on, an' den he am glad." It began to dawn upon the vigilant mother at length that it was not so much the wonders of civilization nor the desire to "speak his thoughts from books" that led Machecawa day after day to the Wigwam, as an ever-increasing interest in her fun-loving daughter, Abbie, who was a year younger than Chrissy, and who seemed unconscious of the fact that the eyes of the red chief were ever upon her.学说值得怀疑，这就要求人们进一步去探索宇宙的秘密，从而推进了天文学和地理学的发展。1492年，意大利著名的航海家哥伦布发现新大陆，麦哲伦和他的同伴绕地球一周，证明地球是圆形的，使人们开始真正认识地球。[4] 对他国的影响 在教会严密控制下的中世纪，也发生过轰轰烈烈的宗教革命。因为天主教的很多教义不符合圣经的教诲，而加入了太多教皇的个人意志以及各类神学家的自身成果，所以很多信徒开始质疑天主教的教义和组织，发起回归圣经的行动来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯（1369～1415年）在君士坦丁堡的宗教会议上公开谴责德意志封建主与天主教会对捷克的压迫和剥削。他虽然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命活动在社会上引起了强烈的反应。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗帜下举行起义，这次运动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）反对教会贩卖赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出建立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义得到许多国家的支持，波兰也深王
站在农民角度，关注三农，大家好！时间过得飞快，一转眼2024年已经来到11月中旬，随着11月份的正式开始，现在正是2024~2025年新农合医保缴费最关键的阶段。对于我们农民来说，相信大家也十分关注，国家针对新农合医保制定的系列政策。现在根据相关统计数据显示，农村60周岁以上老年人已经达到1.2亿人，农村老年人口数量持续增长，农民在看病、拿药方面的相关需求也在稳步提高。涉及到乡村医疗方面，今年正式下发的一号文件也制定了一揽子的重要政策，涉及到新农合同样也有最新要求。今天老道就为大家关注一下，新农合缴费标准和村民参加新农合能够享受到的相关待遇的总体情况，希望所有的农民朋友多多了解。
【各村注意：新农合缴费标准有变！2024-2025年新农合缴费开始！村民参加有两个好消息！】
老道说：就在2024年开始到现在，国家针对乡村医疗方面已经制定了一系列的利好政策，就是要进一步解决农民在看病、拿药方面的负担压力问题。随着越来越多利好政策的落地出台，现在很多地区已经开始全面加强乡镇医疗卫生机构的扶持力度。就在今年正式下发的一号文件中，针对乡村医疗方面，有两个好消息，希望所有的农民朋友多多关注。
好消息1：2024年正式下发的一号文件明确指出，将继续提升乡镇医疗卫生机构服务能力建设水平。要稳步提高，乡镇卫生院、村卫生室的服务能力。提高乡村医疗卫生机构的硬件基础设施，所以随着乡村硬件基础设施水平迎来提升的同时，乡村医生中具备执业助理医师资格的人员比例，也将迎来有效提高，这也标志着农村医疗软、硬件基础设施水平全面升级，农民在县域乡村也能够享受到更加利好的医疗服务。
好消息2：涉及到新农合医保基金方面，今年正式下发的一号文件，同样也有相关要求。国家明确指出，要逐步提高县域内医保基金，在乡村医疗卫生机构使用的比例，还将加快将村卫生室纳入医保定点管理范围当中。现在越来越多的地区，已经开始大力推进将村卫生室接入医保结算系统相关试点。例如山西省就已经全面实现了，行政村卫生室接通医保结算系统，这也为我们表明村民通过参加新农合医保，未来也可以就近享受相关的利好待遇。
而目前正是2024~2025年新农合医保集中参保最关键的阶段，对于我们还未参加新农合医保的村民来说，大家一定要积极缴费。在2024年国家医保局正式下发了《关于做好2024年城乡居民基本医疗保障工作的通知》，在文件当中明确指出，今年的城乡居民基本医疗保险缴费标准与补助标准，与往年相比还将迎来小幅度提高。咱个人缴费标准与去年相比将提高20元，最低缴费标准已经达到400元每人每年。而城乡居民基本医疗保险的财政补助标准，与往年相比也提高了30元。我们村民通过参加新农合医保，每人能够享受到不低于670元的补助待遇，相关补助资金会直接汇入医保基金账户中来，全面确保农民在看病、拿药方面的相关权益。
现在根据国家医保局相关负责人的介绍来看，目前我国医保药品目录内包含的药品，已经覆盖公立医疗机构用药金额90%以上的品种，特别是在2023年底，已经有3088种各类中西药，被纳入到医保药品报销范围当中，这也标志着我们村民通过参加新农合医保，能够享受到的相关待遇正在得到有序加强。
同时涉及到村民参保方面，有一份重要文件，大家一定要多多注意。这份文件就是在今年7月份正式印发的《关于健全基本医疗保险参保长效机制的指导意见》。在这份文件当中，针对连续参保缴费人员、基金零报销人员分别设置了相关激励政策。而对于我们断缴人员再次参缴，也将设定医保待遇等待期，以下这三件事，希望所有的农民朋友们多多关注。
第1件事：在2025年开始之后，针对我们连续参加居民医保满4年，每连续参保一年的相关村民，都可以享受连续参保激励。每年可以提高的大病保险最高支付限额，不低于1000元。而具体的提升标准，将由各省来综合确定。这也标志着我们村民连续参加新农合医保，能够享受到的大病保险最高支付额度将逐年提高，这也将进一步的保障大家在医疗方面的相关权益。
第2件事：自2025年开始之后，对于我们所有参加居民医保的相关村民，如果当年咱们没有使用过，包括门诊、住院在内的所有医疗费用的医保基金报销，在下一年度就可以继续提高，大家在城乡居民大病保险方面的最高支付限额。同样每年可以提高的额度不得低于1000元，具体提升幅度将由各省来综合确定。如果我们村民参加新农合却没有在当年使用，大家在大病保险方面也能享受到更好的激励待遇。
第3件事：而针对未在居民集中参保期参保以及断保的相关村民，再次参保的时候，他们或将面临固定等待期三个月。自2025年开始之后，除了新生儿等特殊群体以外，上述两类人再次参保都将面临固定等待期三个月。所以我们一定要在医保集中参保期内完成缴费，尤其是对于那些未连续参保的相关村民，未来每断保一年，都将在三个月的固定等待期基础上增加一个月的变动等待期。在等待期当中，我们是无法享受相关的医保报销待遇的，大家一定要多多注意。
以上是新农合医保方面的相关消息，希望所有的朋友们心中有数。2024年在国家各项利好政策的大力推进之下，相信农民在看病、拿药方面的相关需求将得到充分确保，大家的医疗负担也将得到进一步改善。在这里也恳请大家行动起来，点击文末右下角【在看】，让我们一起为国家的乡村振兴战略，新农合医疗系列利好扶持政策点个赞。
