地下水的全球生态系统 (GDEs)

简介

地下水是最广泛的液态淡水来源，但它在支持多样化生态系统方面的关键作用却往往不被人们所认识。在许多地区，依赖地下水的生态系统（GDEs）的位置和范围在很大程度上仍不为人所知，导致保护措施不足。该数据集提供了一张高分辨率（约 30 米）的 GDEs 地图，揭示了全球三分之一以上的旱地（包括主要的生物多样性热点地区）存在 GDEs 的情况。在地下水枯竭率较低的牧业区，全球生态系分布更为广泛和连续，这表明由于不可持续的水资源和土地利用方式，许多全球生态系分布很可能已经消失。在绘制的全球生态系分布图中，约 53% 位于地下水呈下降趋势的地区，这表明迫切需要采取保护措施。尽管它们非常重要，但只有 21% 的全球地下水资源评估区位于保护区或具有可持续地下水管理政策的地区内，这凸显了保护工作中的巨大差距。此外，该数据集还探讨了大萨赫勒地区的全球地下水资源与文化、社会经济因素之间的联系，强调了它们在支持生物多样性和农村生计方面的作用。对于政策制定者、保护主义者和利益相关者来说，全球海洋生态系统地图是一个重要的工具，可帮助他们在地方、区域和国际层面确定保护这些重要生态系统的优先次序并制定相关战略。

代码

var imageCollection = ee.ImageCollection("projects/codefornature/assets/GlobalGDEMap_v6_TNC");
print(imageCollection)

var ic_class = imageCollection.select('gde_class');
var ic_prob = imageCollection.select('gde_prob');

var GDEmap = ee.Image(ic_class.mosaic());
var GDEprob = ee.Image(ic_prob.mosaic());

var dataset = ee.ImageCollection("ESA/WorldCover/v100").first();
var land = dataset.neq(80).updateMask(dataset.neq(80));

///////////////////////////////

// rename "land" band to match "GDEmap" band names
// set land raster = 0
var land_renameBand = land.remap([1], [0], 0, 'Map').select(['remapped']).rename(['gde_class']);

// mask out non-analyzed areas from GDE layer
var mask = GDEmap.gt(0)
var GDEmasked = GDEmap.updateMask(mask) // GDE and no GDE; excludes areas not analyzed
var GDEprob_masked = GDEprob.updateMask(mask) // probability of GDEs; excludes areas not analyzed
var GDEprob_80 = GDEprob_masked.gte(80) // high probability of GDEs; excludes areas not analyzed
// Use the image as its own mask to hide zero values
var GDEprob_80_masked = GDEprob_80.mask(GDEprob_80);

// composite "land" and "GDEmap" images (taking the maximum value)
var GDEmap_land_composite = ee.ImageCollection.fromImages([GDEmasked, land_renameBand]).max(); // composite layer (GDE, no GDE, land area not analyzed)

// add composite image to map
// 0 = not analyzed
// 1 = GDE
// 2 = no GDE
//  Palette with the colors
//var palette_colors =['#c6c6c6','#00cc00','white'];
var palette_colors = ['#c6c6c6', '#018571', '#a6611a'];
var palette_colors_prob = ['#a6611a', '#dfc27d', '#f5f5f5', '#80cdc1', '#018571'];

var classProbVisualization = {
    min: 0,
    max: 100,
    palette: palette_colors_prob
};

var vizParams = {
    palette: ['006400'] // dark green
};

// name of the legend
var names = ['Not Analyzed', 'Likely GDE', 'Not GDE'];


//Map.addLayer(GDEprob_80_masked, vizParams, 'High probability GDEs');
Map.setCenter(-28, 33, 3)

// Add in the download grid
var finalGrid = ee.FeatureCollection('projects/codefornature/assets/global_gde_tiles_URL');
print(finalGrid)

// Define the style for the grid layer
var gridStyle = {
    color: 'white',
    fillColor: '#FFFFFF80', // Transparent white fill (50% opacity)
    width: 2
};

// Add the styled grid layer to the map
Map.addLayer(GDEmap_land_composite, {
    min: 0,
    max: 2,
    palette: palette_colors,
    opacity: .8
}, 'Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems')
Map.addLayer(GDEprob_masked, classProbVisualization, 'GDE Certainty', 0);
Map.addLayer(finalGrid.style(gridStyle), {}, 'Download Tiles', 0);


// Global variable to store the pop-up
var popup;

// Function to create a pop-up with the URL
var createPopup = function(feature) {
    var url = feature.get('URL');
    url.evaluate(function(clientUrl) { // Convert the URL to a client-side string
        if (popup) {
            Map.remove(popup); // Remove the existing pop-up if it exists
        }
        popup = ui.Label({
            value: 'Download the GDE data for this tile',
            style: {
                fontSize: '12px',
                margin: '1px 8px 1px 8px',
                textAlign: 'left',
                color: 'blue',
                textDecoration: 'underline'
            },
            targetUrl: clientUrl
        });
        Map.add(popup);
    });
};

// Add a click event to show the pop-up
Map.onClick(function(coords) {
    var point = ee.Geometry.Point([coords.lon, coords.lat]);
    var clickedFeature = finalGrid.filterBounds(point).first();
    clickedFeature.evaluate(function(f) {
        if (f) {
            var feature = ee.Feature(f); // Ensure the feature is an ee.Feature object
            createPopup(feature); // Create the pop-up with the URL
        }
    });
});

// Add a click event to remove the pop-up when clicking outside
Map.onClick(function(coords) {
    if (popup) {
        Map.remove(popup);
        popup = null;
    }
});



//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//   Set Up Side Panel
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

var panel = ui.Panel({
    layout: ui.Panel.Layout.flow('vertical'),
    style: {
        width: '370px'
    }
});

var title = ui.Label({
    value: 'Global Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems',
    style: {
        fontSize: '20px',
        fontWeight: 'bold',
        textAlign: 'center',
        color: '484848'
    }
});

var description_title = ui.Label({
    value: 'Description:',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '8px 8px 1px 8px',
        fontWeight: 'bold',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var description = ui.Label({
    value: 'The teal areas on this map show the likely locations of groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) in dry climate zones across the globe, while the brown areas are not likely GDEs.  GDEs are important because they are often biodiversity hotspots that support rare and endemic species, but also hold cultural and socio-economic significance to people. These ecosystems rely on groundwater and can be lost if groundwater is not managed sustainably.',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '3px 8px 8px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var methods_title = ui.Label({
    value: 'Methods:',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '8px 8px 1px 8px',
        fontWeight: 'bold',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var methods = ui.Label({
    value: 'The map was created using machine learning approaches and satellite data at a 30 meter resolution.  The methods are described in Rohde, M.M., Albano, C.M., Huggins, X. et al. Groundwater-dependent ecosystem map exposes global dryland protection needs. Nature (2024).',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '3px 8px 1px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var methods_link = ui.Label({
    value: 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07702-8',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '1px 8px 1px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: 'blue',
        textDecoration: 'underline'
    },
    targetUrl: 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07702-8'
});

var download_title = ui.Label({
    value: 'Download Data:',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '8px 8px 1px 8px',
        fontWeight: 'bold',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var download = ui.Label({
    value: 'The data are available for download in 5 degree tiles in a multiband GeoTiff format.  The "classification" band includes the values 1 (likely GDE), 2 (not likely GDE) and 0 (out of model domain).  The "probabiliy" band is the liklihood the pixel is a GDE (100) or non-GDE (0).  To download the tiles, click on the "Layers" button, then check the box next to "Download Tiles".  Click on any white rectangle on the map and a popup will contain the download link for that tile.  To download all the tiles, visit the data repository:',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '3px 8px 1px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var download_link = ui.Label({
    value: 'https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11062894',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '1px 8px 1px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: 'blue',
        textDecoration: 'underline'
    },
    targetUrl: 'https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11062894'
});

var learn_title = ui.Label({
    value: 'Learn More:',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '8px 8px 1px 8px',
        fontWeight: 'bold',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var learn1 = ui.Label({
    value: 'To see the GDE certainty data from the machine learning model, click on the "Layers" button, then check the box next to "GDE Certainty".  This map layer shows the areas most likely to be GDEs in the darkest teal color.',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '3px 8px 1px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var learn2 = ui.Label({
    value: 'Click the links below to learn more about GDEs and what The Nature Conservancy and its partners are doing to protect these vital ecosystems:',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '3px 8px 1px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var learn_link1 = ui.Label({
    value: 'nature.org',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '1px 8px 1px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: 'blue',
        textDecoration: 'underline'
    },
    targetUrl: 'https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/groundwater-most-valuable-resource/'
});
var learn_link2 = ui.Label({
    value: 'groundwaterresourcehub.org',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '1px 8px 8px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: 'blue',
        textDecoration: 'underline'
    },
    targetUrl: 'https://www.groundwaterresourcehub.org/'
});

var citation_title = ui.Label({
    value: 'Suggested Citation:',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '8px 8px 1px 8px',
        fontWeight: 'bold',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var citation = ui.Label({
    value: 'The Nature Conservancy and the Desert Research Institute. Global Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem Map, Version 1.2.0. https://codefornature.projects.earthengine.app/view/global-gde. August 2024',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '3px 8px 8px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});

var questions = ui.Label({
    value: 'Questions or comments about the global GDE map?  Contact:',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '8px 8px 1px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var questions_link1 = ui.Label({
    value: 'melissa@RohdeEnvironmental.com',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '1px 8px 1px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: 'blue',
        textDecoration: 'underline'
    },
    targetUrl: 'mailto:melissa@RohdeEnvironmental.com'
});
var questions_link2 = ui.Label({
    value: 'kklausmeyer@tnc.org',
    style: {
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '1px 8px 8px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: 'blue',
        textDecoration: 'underline'
    },
    targetUrl: 'mailto:kklausmeyer@tnc.org'
});

var disclaimer_title = ui.Label({
    value: 'Disclaimer:',
    style: {
        fontSize: '11px',
        margin: '8px 8px 1px 8px',
        fontWeight: 'bold',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});
var disclaimer = ui.Label({
    value: 'The data displayed in this web map do not prove or make any claim about the nature and/or extent of groundwater dependent ecosystems for any mapped location. Features mapped here are not intended for legal uses and no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by The Nature Conservancy or data contributors as to the accuracy of the data. The Nature Conservancy shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any sale, distribution, loan, or offering for use of these data, in whole or in part, is prohibited. The use of these data to produce other products and services with the intent to use or sell for a profit is prohibited. All parties receiving these data must be informed of these restrictions. This is an aggregate dataset with multiple data sources.',
    style: {
        fontSize: '10px',
        margin: '3px 8px 8px 8px',
        textAlign: 'left',
        color: '484848'
    }
});

// Add picture:  https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/331842/adding-a-logo-to-a-panel-on-an-app-in-google-earth-engine

// TNC logo
var tnc_logo = ee.Image('users/kklausmeyer/Logo_map_CA_Albers').visualize({
    bands: ['b1', 'b2', 'b3'],
    min: 0,
    max: 255
});
var tnc_thumb = ui.Thumbnail({
    image: tnc_logo,
    params: {
        dimensions: '1000x333',
        format: 'png'
    },
    style: {
        height: '50px',
        width: '150px',
        padding: '0',
        position: 'top-left'
    }
});

// DRI logo
var dri_logo = ee.Image('users/kklausmeyer/DRI_logo_CA_Albers_white2').visualize({
    bands: ['b1', 'b2', 'b3'],
    min: 0,
    max: 255
});
var dri_thumb = ui.Thumbnail({
    image: dri_logo,
    params: {
        dimensions: '1553x775',
        format: 'png'
    },
    style: {
        height: '45px',
        width: '110px',
        padding: '5px 0px 0px 30px',
        position: 'top-right'
    }
});

var logo_panel = ui.Panel({
    layout: ui.Panel.Layout.flow('horizontal'),
    style: {
        width: '350px'
    }
});

logo_panel.add(tnc_thumb)
logo_panel.add(dri_thumb)



//var toolPanel = ui.Panel(thumb, 'flow', {width: '300px'});
//ui.root.widgets().add(toolPanel);




panel.add(title)
panel.add(description_title)
panel.add(description)
panel.add(methods_title)
panel.add(methods)
panel.add(methods_link)
panel.add(download_title)
panel.add(download)
panel.add(download_link)
panel.add(learn_title)
panel.add(learn1)
panel.add(learn2)
panel.add(learn_link1)
panel.add(learn_link2)
panel.add(citation_title)
panel.add(citation)
panel.add(questions)
panel.add(questions_link1)
panel.add(questions_link2)
panel.add(logo_panel)
panel.add(disclaimer_title)
panel.add(disclaimer)


ui.root.add(panel);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Add Legend to Map


// set position of panel
var legend = ui.Panel({
    style: {
        position: 'bottom-left',
        padding: '8px 15px'
    }
});

// Create an empty panel to hold the legend components
//var legend = ui.Panel({style: {width: '250px'}});

// Create legend title
var legendTitle = ui.Label({
    value: 'Legend',
    style: {
        fontWeight: 'bold',
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '0 0 4px 0',
        padding: '0'
    }
});

// Add the title to the panel
legend.add(legendTitle);

// Creates and styles 1 row of the legend.
var makeRow = function(color, name) {

    // Create the label that is actually the colored box.
    var colorBox = ui.Label({
        style: {
            backgroundColor: color,
            // Use padding to give the box height and width.
            padding: '6px',
            margin: '0 0 4px 0',
            border: '1px solid black'
        }
    });

    // Create the label filled with the description text.
    var description = ui.Label({
        value: name,
        style: {
            margin: '0 0 4px 6px',
            fontSize: '12px'


        }
    });

    // return the panel
    return ui.Panel({
        widgets: [colorBox, description],
        layout: ui.Panel.Layout.Flow('horizontal')
    });
};

//Set the order of the items in the legend
var array = [1, 2, 0];
// Add color and and names
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

    legend.add(makeRow(palette_colors[array[i]], names[array[i]]));
}


// Add in GDE certainty to the legend

// Create layer title title
var certTitle = ui.Label({
    value: 'GDE Certainty',
    style: {
        fontWeight: '0',
        fontSize: '12px',
        margin: '4px 0 2px 0',
        padding: '0'
    }
});

// Add the title to the panel
legend.add(certTitle);

// Invert the certainty color pallette
var inverted_palette_colors_prob = palette_colors_prob.slice().reverse();

// Create a color bar for the legend
var makeColorBar = function(palette) {
    return ui.Thumbnail({
        image: ee.Image.pixelLonLat().select(1),
        params: {
            bbox: [0, 0, 1, 1],
            dimensions: '12x60',
            format: 'png',
            min: 0,
            max: 1,
            palette: palette,
        },
        style: {
            stretch: 'vertical',
            margin: '0px 0px',
            border: '1px solid black',
        }
    });
};

// Define the color gradient

var colorBar = makeColorBar(inverted_palette_colors_prob);

// Create labels for the legend
var legendLabels = ui.Panel({
    widgets: [
        ui.Label('0%', {
            margin: '0 0 0px 5px'
        }),
        ui.Label('50%', {
            margin: '10px 0 0px 5px',
            textAlign: 'center'
        }),
        ui.Label('100%', {
            margin: '10px 0 0px 5px',
            textAlign: 'right'
        })
    ],
    style: {
        fontSize: '10px',
        padding: '0px 0',
        position: 'bottom-left'
    }
});

// Create a panel to hold the color bar and labels side by side
var legendPanel = ui.Panel({
    widgets: [colorBar, legendLabels],
    layout: ui.Panel.Layout.flow('horizontal')
});

// Add the combined panel to the legend
legend.add(legendPanel);

/*
// Define a list of thresholds to define the different categories in your legend
var thresholds = [0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100];

// Create a panel for each category
for (var i = 0; i < classProbVisualization.palette.length; i++) {
  var colorBox = ui.Label({
    style: {
      backgroundColor: classProbVisualization.palette[i],
      padding: '6px',
      margin: '0 0 4px 0',
      border: '1px solid black'
    }
  });

  var description = ui.Label({
    value: thresholds[i] + ' - ' + thresholds[i + 1] + '%',
    style: {margin: '0 0 4px 6px'}
  });

  legend.add(ui.Panel([colorBox, description], ui.Panel.Layout.Flow('horizontal')));
}

*/



// add legend to map (alternatively you can also print the legend to the console)
Map.add(legend);

代码链接

https://code.earthengine.google.com/?scriptPath=users/sat-io/awesome-gee-catalog-examples:biodiversity-ecosystems-habitat/GROUNDWATER-DEP-ECOSYSTEMS

APP链接

global-gde 

结果

引用

Rohde, M.M., Albano, C.M., Huggins, X. et al. Groundwater-dependent ecosystem map exposes global dryland protection needs.
Nature 632, 101–107 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07702-8

Rohde, M. M., Albano, C., Huggins, X., Klausmeyer, K., & Sharman, A. (2024). Data, code, and outputs for: groundwater-dependent ecosystem map
exposes global dryland protection needs [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11062894

许可

本作品采用知识共享 署名 4.0 国际许可协议 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) 进行许可。用户可以不受限制地出于商业或非商业目的自由使用、复制、分发、传播和改编本作品，但必须明确注明出处。创作者：TNC、Rohde, M.M.、Albano, C.M.、Huggins, X. et al：TNC、Rohde, M.M.、Albano, C.M.、Huggins, X. 等策划：TNC & Samapriya Roy 关键词：：全球依赖地下水的生态系统、GDE 地图绘制、冲突热点、气候变化、粮食安全

网址推荐

0代码在线构建地图应用

https://www.mapmost.com/#/?source_inviter=CnVrwIQs 

机器学习

https://www.cbedai.net/xg