在上一期内容中给大家介绍了一般化工厂内的常见转动设备及管道构造，这一期我们将继续介绍有关化工过程控制中的一些静设备。
原文参考：
The chemical processing industry uses many different shapes and sizes of tanks, drums, bins and vessels to store their products. The types used are dependent on the material stored.
A valve is a device that regulates the flow of substances by opening, closing orpartially obstructing various passageways.
A gate valve is a valve that opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate or wedge out of the path of fluid.
A ball valve opens by turning a handle attached to a ball inside the valve. The ball has a hole or port through the middle so that when the port is in line with both ends of the valve flow will occur.
When the valve is closed, the hole is perpendicular to the end of the valve. And the flow is blocked. The handle position let you see the valves’ position.
A globe valve places a movable metal disc in the path of the process flow. The disc is designed to fit into the seat and stop flow.
Any device that separates one substance from another would be considered a filter. And in the chemical industry a porous material is used to separate solid particles from liquid.
A heat exchanger is a device built forefficient heat transfer from one fluid to another. Heat exchangers aregenerally classified as shell and Tube, plate, spiral or air-cooled.
A shell and Tube heat exchanger is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes. And it is suited for higher pressure applications. As its name implies this type of heat exchanger consists of a large vessel or shell with a bundle of tubes inside it. One fluid runs through the tubes and the second runs over the tubes to transfer heat between the two fluids.
A plate heat exchanger is composed of multiple thin slightly separated plates that have very large surface areas and fluid flow passages for heat transfer. This stacked plate arrangement can be more effective in a given space than the shell and Tube heat exchanger.
A spiral exchanger is created by forming two flat plates into spirals and placing one inside the other. This produces a counter flow path for the fluids to follow.
An air-cooled heat exchanger operates by passing cool air over the heated surface. One example of an air-cooled heat exchanger is a cooling tower. In a cooling tower hot water is exposed to a large volume of air inside the cooling tower. A current of air rises by means of natural or forced drift and hot water enters at some point and is sprayed into the air. As the water evaporates, it loses latent heat to the air and is cooled.
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluids are heated under pressure. The fluid is then circulated out of the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.
A furnace is used to heat up raw materials in order to produce a particular product. Fuel flows into the burner and is burnt with air provided from an air blower. The Flames heat up the tubes which in turn heat the fluid inside the part of the furnace known as the radiant section. And the Chamber is where combustion takes place known as the firebox.The heat is transferred mainly by radiation to tubes around the fire in the chamber. The heating fluid passes through the tubes and it thus heated to the desired temperature.
Chemical reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions. They combine raw materials with a catalyst.
A catalyst is a substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected. A basic reactor includes a shell, a heating or cooling device, two or more product inlet ports and one outlet port.
Some reactors may also have a mixer. Industrial distillation is typically performed in large vertical cylindrical columns known as distillation towers or distillation columns. Distillation uses boiling points to separate different substances fromeach other. As the product begins to vaporize the lighter particles rise with the light is being released out at the top.
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