【双语阅读】本周封面:肥胖解药何在(上)

文摘   2024-09-02 18:23   北京  

Fang Xia, a 24-year-old woman, has faced a lifelong struggle with obesity, a condition that has plagued her both physically and psychologically. But like millions of others around the world, her life was turned around after taking semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog that mimics a hormone that triggers a sense of fullness and helps overweight people shed the pounds.

GLP-1药物让肥胖者与公卫界看到了新的可能性。它被《自然》杂志评为2023年度突破之首,并认为其“不仅改变了肥胖症的治疗,也改变了人们对肥胖症的理解”。无论是患者一端,还是医疗和医药,新的变化已经开启。


She was among the first batch of patients in China to be given the drug, originally prescribed to treat diabetes but repurposed “off label” to help people lose weight, and after 10 months, Fang lost over 50 pounds. Her Body Mass Index (BMI) — which is calculated by dividing a person’s weight by their height squared — dropped from 32.9 to 22.6, which puts her within the healthy range.

“Obesity was a big part of my life growing up,” she told Caixin, saying she has suffered depression due to the condition. “It’s only now that I’ve really started to solve the problem.”

新的药物让围绕肥胖的医学强干预成为可能。方霞是司美格鲁肽最早的一批使用者。她不仅肥胖,还是糖尿病前期患者。在医生指导下用药十个月后,她瘦了40斤,BMI从超过32.5恢复到健康人的22.6。


Fang’s success story now could be replicated by millions more in China, where half of the population of 1.4 billion is deemed overweight or obese, after the Endocrinology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) issued new guidelines in July recommending the medication be incorporated into weight management strategies earlier than ever before.

Losing weight through diet and exercise may not work for everyone.

The guidelines from the CMA — which is one of the largest and most influential medical organizations in the country, with their recommendations often adopted as the standard of care in hospitals and clinics across China — were the result of a collaboration among experts from various fields, including endocrinology, cardiology, psychiatry, and bariatric surgery. The broad scope reflects the complex nature of obesity and what experts say is the need for a comprehensive treatment strategy in China.

2024年7月,中华医学会内分泌学分会发布《肥胖患者的长期体重管理及药物临床应用指南》(下称《指南》)。其中提出:生活方式干预可以与药物治疗并行。比如,在初始就让肥胖者用药;超重者则在生活方式干预效果不佳、3个月减重小于5%的时候,尽早启用药物治疗。


The move is likely to be a boon for China sales of the drug, which is perhaps most well known as the medication marketed under the brand Ozempic and made by Danish company Novo Nordisk. The firm reported a doubling of sales of the drug in the country to $698 million last year after it was approved for use to treat diabetes in 2021. In June, its Wegovy drug, which is identical to Ozempic, was approved in China specifically to treat obesity.

Other international pharmaceutical behemoths Eli Lilly, along with two homegrown companies Huadong Medicine Co. Ltd. and Shanghai Benemae Pharmaceutical Corp. have also been approved to sell similar drugs in China.

三年之中,以GLP-1为靶点的药物你追我赶。今年5月,跨国药企礼来的GLP-1/GIP(葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽)双靶点药物替尔泊肽凭借降糖适应证入华,又为火热的药物减肥赛道添了一把柴。中国肥胖大会主席、北京友谊医院副院长、国家消化系统疾病临床医学研究中心副主任张忠涛介绍,今年会议的注册人数已经超过1200人,而以往只有300—400人。


Medicines containing semaglutide, which in 2023 was also approved to treat obesity, could have a major impact on the lives of millions and the domestic companies that sell it. China’s GLP-1 market could grow at 23% annually from 2023 to $11.4 billion in 2033, according to estimates in a February report by Tokyo-based financial services group Nomura.

“Chinese players could command 20% of the China market for these drugs by then, led by competitive pricing, an immense sales network, and potentially better efficacy to address the demands of China’s vast local population that are increasingly more health aware,” said the report.

Global epidemic

Fang’s road to a healthy life is a well-trodden path used by millions across the world. Indeed, obesity has become a global epidemic, with 2.5 billion adults classified as overweight or obese in 2022, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

全球约有超20亿成人属于超重或肥胖。肥胖年轻化趋势明显,成为日益严重的公卫问题。


By 2030, the numbers of overweight and obese people in China aged 20 to 89 years will reach 540 million and 150 million, respectively, which are 2.8 and 7.5 times higher compared to 2000, according to a 2020 study published in the peer reviewed journal Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.

While definitions can vary between countries, the WHO categorizes “overweight” as a BMI over 25 and over 30 as obese. In China, a BMI of 24 or greater is classified as overweight and over 28 is considered obese.

中国的形势似乎更严峻。据一项中国疾控中心2021年刊载于《柳叶刀》上的研究,2018年,中国已经有一半人口超重或肥胖,较2004年增长了3倍。学界预计,到2030年,超重或肥胖人口占比还会上升至七成。此外,同等肥胖程度下,亚洲人患上并发症的风险更高。国际上通行以体重指数(BMI)判定肥胖,即体重(公斤)与身高平方(平方米)的比值。在中国,BMI≥24是超重,BMI≥28是肥胖。以此测算,一个身高175厘米的男性,体重超过147斤属于超重,超过172斤就是肥胖;而一个身高160厘米的女性,体重超过143斤就是肥胖。


And it’s not just the physical and emotional toll being overweight has on people, it also comes with a financial cost. In six years, obesity could cost China 418 billion yuan ($60 billion) in health care costs - roughly a fifth of the country's total medical expenses, according to a study by Xi’an Jiaotong University’s Global Health Institute, published in The Lancet in 2021. Contributing to this medical bill is the other impacts on health, with obesity linked to heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, liver disease and some cancers.

但人们很难认识到,肥胖是一种疾病,会对健康造成损害。过多的脂肪会压迫全身各个器官,脂肪沉积也会引发一系列慢性炎症和代谢损伤,导致糖尿病、高血脂、高血压、心衰及肾衰、脂肪肝等并发症。肥胖者的BMI每上升一个单位,就增加9%的死亡风险,预期寿命会因肥胖而减少5—7年。反言之,肥胖一旦得到控制,这些疾病亦有希望迎刃而解。另一项西安交通大学全球健康研究所2021年刊载于《柳叶刀》上的研究预计,六年后,中国的医疗费用会因肥胖而支出4180亿元——这个数字大概是全国总医疗费用的五分之一。


As China grapples with rising obesity rates, a national strategy is urgently needed to shift public perceptions and promote proactive weight management, say experts.

This was the main topic for discussion at a conference held last month in Beijing, where more than 1,200 doctors, scholars, and pharmaceutical companies came together to hash out treatment strategies for today and into the future.

今年8月17日,名为“中国肥胖大会”的学术活动,已经是第三次启幕。减重与代谢外科、内分泌代谢科、临床营养科、心血管内科、代谢生物学、公共卫生等跨多个学科和领域的医者、学者齐聚北京市建筑规模庞大的国家会议中心,分享新研究、新方法、新发现,共同探讨肥胖防治的有效对策。


Unsurprisingly, dominating discussions was the growing popularity of GLP-1 drugs in obesity management. This marked a stark change, as talks at the previous two conferences were overwhelmingly driven by representatives from medical equipment providers, who offer devices that facilitate procedures such as gastric reduction surgery devices. This year however, it was pharmaceutical companies, a participant who has attended the conference multiple times told Caixin.

一位多次参会的嘉宾直观地感受到肥胖治疗范式的凉热:“以往大会现场的展台以器械企业居多,如今药企已经占据主流。”财新看到,参展产品中有最新的两款减肥药物,也有超声刀等减重手术器械、胃内球囊器械,还有营养补充剂等。



Writing by Denise Jia




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