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及文章作者：slandarer
之前写了一篇文章说明了MATLAB图例可以自己diy，这次又有了diy的机会，我开发了一个简单的小工具，能够实现绘制伪3d的柱状图，大概效果如下：
使用说明
由于涉及的代码比较接近MATLAB底层的图形对象，有点东西还是没倒腾明白，目前使用起来还是有以下几个点要注意（之后代码有改进的话估计会在gitee仓库更新）：
如果是R2024a版本，绘制结束后请勿大幅度改变画布大小，否则图例会被刷掉（因此也最好在最后使用工具函数），应该会需要通过 addlistener解决但目前还未完成倒腾出来，R2024a之前版本不会出这个Bug（属实是不知道新版本改了什么地方引起的这个Bug）请使用至少R2019b版本，以前版本柱状图会缺一点属性 柱状图请绘制在最下方（为了使最新版也能顺利使用用了一些不得已的手段，导致柱状图必须绘制在最下方）
另外本文中一部分图片使用了SAxes这个函数美化了一下，这个函数长这样：
function SAxes
ax = gca;
ax.NextPlot = 'add';
ax.Box = 'on';
ax.XGrid = 'on';
ax.YGrid = 'on';
ax.XMinorTick = 'on';
ax.YMinorTick = 'on';
ax.LineWidth = .8;
ax.GridLineStyle = '-.';
ax.FontSize = 13;
ax.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.GridAlpha = .05;
% ax.TickDir = 'out';
end
伪3d柱状图工具放在文末，现在先来讲解一下用法：
使用教程
1 基本使用
假如绘制了柱状图：
y = [1 2 3 6 3 9];
bHdl = bar(y);
legend()
SAxes()
只需要在最后面简单加上一行代码，变成：
y = [1 2 3 6 3 9];
bHdl = bar(y);
legend()
SAxes()
bar2_5D(bHdl, 'w')
就是打光风格的，如果第二个参数是k就是阴影风格的：
bar2_5D(bHdl, 'k')
2 支持的柱状图格式
基本上所有类型柱状图均可支持：
y = [2 2 3; 2 5 6; 2 8 9; 2 11 12];
figure('Units','normalized', 'Position',[.1,.1,.6,.7]);
bHdl = bar(y);
legend()
SAxes()
bar2_5D(bHdl, 'w')
figure('Units','normalized', 'Position',[.1,.1,.6,.7]);
bHdl = bar(y, 'stacked');
legend()
SAxes()
bar2_5D(bHdl, 'w')
figure('Units','normalized', 'Position',[.1,.1,.6,.7]);
bHdl = barh(y);
legend()
SAxes()
bar2_5D(bHdl, 'w')
figure('Units','normalized', 'Position',[.1,.1,.6,.7]);
bHdl = barh(y, 'stacked');
legend()
SAxes()
bar2_5D(bHdl, 'w')
3 更换颜色
y = [2 2 3; 2 5 6; 2 8 9; 2 11 12];
CList = [133,131,169; 202,139,168; 160,189,213]./255;
barHdl = barh(y);
for i = 1:length(barHdl)
barHdl(i).FaceColor = CList(i,:);
end
legend({'A','B','C'}, 'FontSize',13);
SAxes()
bar2_5D(barHdl, 'k')
4 有误差棒示例
rng(5)
Data = randi([20,35], [5,2]);
err = rand([5,2]).*5;
hold on
barHdl = bar(Data,'BarWidth',1);
% 修改柱状图颜色透明度
barHdl(1).FaceColor = [153,153,253]./255;
barHdl(2).FaceColor = [255,153,154]./255;
% 修饰柱状图并绘制图例
lgd = legend({'AAAAA','BBBBB'}, 'FontSize',13, 'FontName','Times New Roman');
bar2_5D(barHdl, 'w')
% 绘制并修饰误差棒
errorbar(barHdl(1).XEndPoints,Data(:,1),err(:,1), 'LineStyle','none', 'Color','k', 'LineWidth',.8);
errorbar(barHdl(2).XEndPoints,Data(:,2),err(:,2), 'LineStyle','none', 'Color','k', 'LineWidth',.8);
% 坐标区域修饰，修改X轴标签
ax = gca;
ax.YLim = [0,40];
ax.LineWidth = .8;
ax.TickLength = [.005,.001];
ax.Box = 'on';
ax.XTick = 1:5;
ax.XTickLabel = {'A','B','C','D','E'};
ax.FontSize = 13;
ax.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
5 有区域高亮示例
y = [2 2; 3 2; 5 6; 2 8; 9 2; 11 12];
barHdl = bar(y);
CList = [87,87,213; 138,213,95]./255;
for i = 1:length(barHdl)
barHdl(i).FaceColor = CList(i,:);
end
legend()
set(gca, 'XLim',[.5,6.5])
SAxes()
bar2_5D(barHdl, 'w')
xregion([.5,3.5], 'FaceColor',[233,241,254]./255)
xregion([3.5,6.5], 'FaceColor',[251,244,218]./255)
若是把工具函数调用放在最后，就能显示全部图例：
y = [2 2; 3 2; 5 6; 2 8; 9 2; 11 12];
barHdl = bar(y);
CList = [87,87,213; 138,213,95]./255;
for i = 1:length(barHdl)
barHdl(i).FaceColor = CList(i,:);
end
legend()
set(gca, 'XLim',[.5,6.5])
SAxes()
xregion(.5,3.5, 'FaceColor',[233,241,254]./255)
xregion(3.5,6.5, 'FaceColor',[251,244,218]./255)
bar2_5D(barHdl, 'w')
工具函数完整代码
function bar2_5D(barHdl, style)
% Copyright (c) 2024, Zhaoxu Liu / slandarer
hold on
CCC = @(x, C1, C2) C2.*sqrt(1 - x.^2) + C1.*(1 - sqrt(1 - x.^2));
Ver = version; Ver = str2double(Ver(1:2));
GraphicsNum = length(get(gca, 'Children')) - length(barHdl);
if nargin < 2
style = 'w';
end
% 基础属性计算
if Ver < 24
GroupWidth = 2/3;
else
GroupWidth = barHdl(1).GroupWidth;
end
if length(barHdl) > 1 && ~strcmp(barHdl(1).BarLayout, 'stacked')
BarWidth = GroupWidth.*barHdl(1).BarWidth./length(barHdl);
else
BarWidth = barHdl(1).BarWidth;
end
% 柱状图上色
[XMesh, YMesh] = meshgrid(linspace(0,1,50));
XMesh = 2.*XMesh - 1;
for i = 1:length(barHdl)
barHdl(i).EdgeColor = 'none';
for j = 1:length(barHdl(i).XEndPoints)
C = barHdl(i).FaceColor(1,:);
if strcmp(style, 'w')
CMesh = cat(3, CCC(XMesh, C(1), .8 + C(1)*.2), ...
CCC(XMesh, C(2), .8 + C(2)*.2), ...
CCC(XMesh, C(3), .8 + C(3)*.2));
else
CMesh = cat(3, CCC(XMesh, .3, C(1)), ...
CCC(XMesh, .3, C(2)), ...
CCC(XMesh, .3, C(3)));
end
if strcmp(barHdl(1).Horizontal, 'on')
tY = XMesh.*BarWidth./2 + barHdl(i).XEndPoints(j);
tX = YMesh.*barHdl(i).YData(j) + barHdl(i).YEndPoints(j) - barHdl(i).YData(j);
else
tX = XMesh.*BarWidth./2 + barHdl(i).XEndPoints(j);
tY = YMesh.*barHdl(i).YData(j) + barHdl(i).YEndPoints(j) - barHdl(i).YData(j);
end
surfHdl = surf(tX, ...
tY, XMesh.*0, ...
'CData',CMesh, 'EdgeColor','none');
surfHdl.Annotation.LegendInformation.IconDisplayStyle = 'off';
barHdl(i).Annotation.LegendInformation.IconDisplayStyle = 'off';
% uistack(surfHdl, 'bottom'); % uistack(barHdl(i), 'bottom')
end
end
for i = 1:length(barHdl), plot([1,1],[1,1], 'Color',barHdl(i).FaceColor(1,:), 'DisplayName',barHdl(i).DisplayName); end
lgdHdl = get(gca, 'Legend');
if ~isempty(lgdHdl)
pause(1e-6)
% 获取图例图标
% lgdEntryChild = lgdHdl.EntryContainer.NodeChildren;
% iconSet = arrayfun(@(lgdEntryChild)lgdEntryChild.Icon.Transform.Children.Children, lgdEntryChild, UniformOutput = false)
childrenList = get(gca, 'Children');
for i = 1:GraphicsNum
uistack(childrenList(end-length(barHdl)+1-i), 'top');
end
pause(1e-6)
lgdEntryChild = lgdHdl.EntryContainer.NodeChildren;
iconSet = arrayfun(@(lgdEntryChild)lgdEntryChild.Icon.Transform.Children.Children, lgdEntryChild, UniformOutput = false);
XX = [0,1,1,0]; YY = [1,1,0,0];
% 替换图例图标
for j = 1:20
newFaceHdl = matlab.graphics.primitive.world.Quadrilateral();
newFaceHdl.PickableParts = 'all';
newFaceHdl.Layer = 'middle';
newFaceHdl.ColorBinding = 'object';
newFaceHdl.ColorType = 'truecoloralpha';
newFaceHdl.VertexData = single([XX./20 + (j-1)/20; YY; XX.*0]);
for i = 1:length(barHdl)
oriEdgeHdl = iconSet{end + 1 - i};
tNewFaceHdl = copy(newFaceHdl);
C = oriEdgeHdl.ColorData;
if strcmp(style, 'w')
tNewFaceHdl.ColorData = uint8([CCC((j-1)/19*2-1, double(C(1)), 204 + double(C(1)).*.2); ...
CCC((j-1)/19*2-1, double(C(2)), 204 + double(C(2)).*.2); ...
CCC((j-1)/19*2-1, double(C(3)), 204 + double(C(3)).*.2); 255]);
else
tNewFaceHdl.ColorData = uint8([CCC((j-1)/19*2-1, 76.5, double(C(1))); ...
CCC((j-1)/19*2-1, 76.5, double(C(2))); ...
CCC((j-1)/19*2-1, 76.5, double(C(3))); 255]);
end
tNewFaceHdl.Parent = oriEdgeHdl.Parent;
end
end
for i = 1:length(barHdl)
oriEdgeHdl = iconSet{end + 1 - i};
oriEdgeHdl.Visible = 'off';
end
lgdHdl.AutoUpdate = 'off';
end
end
完
以上已经是完整代码，若日后代码有修改则会在以下gitee仓库进行更新：
https://gitee.com/slandarer/spdraw/
