灵枢·病本 The Root of Diseases
先病而后逆者，治其本。先逆而后病者，治其本。For those who first have a disease and then develop qi reversal, treat the root cause. For those who first have qi reversal and then develop a disease, also treat the root cause.
先患有某一种疾病，然后出现气血逆行的，应该治疗其原来的疾病。若是先有气血逆行的症状，然后出现其他的病变，治疗时就应该先治疗厥逆。
先寒而后生病者，治其本。先病而后生寒者，治其本。For those who first experience cold and then fall ill, treat the root cause. For those who first have a disease and then develop cold symptoms, treat the root cause as well.
先有了寒证，再出现其他病症的，寒证为本，应先治疗寒证。先有了某种疾病而后产生寒证的，应该先治疗原来的疾病。
先热而后生病者，治其本。先泄而后生他病者，治其本，必且调之，乃治其他病。For those who first have a fever and then fall ill, treat the root cause. For those who first have diarrhea and then develop other diseases, treat the root cause. It is necessary to regulate it first and then treat other diseases.
如果是先有发热的情况，之后又产生了别的病症，那么要治疗发热这个根本原因。要是先出现泄泻的症状，然后又引发了其他疾病，就要先治疗泄泻这个根本问题，而且必须先对泄泻进行调理，之后才能治疗其他的病症。
先病而后中满者，治其标。先病后泄者，治其本。先中满而后烦心者，治其本。For those who first have a disease and then develop abdominal fullness, treat the symptoms. For those who first have a disease and then have diarrhea, treat the root cause. For those who first have abdominal fullness and then feel vexed, treat the root cause.
先有某种疾病，而后发生胸腹胀满的中满病症，应先治疗中满的标证。先患中满而后发生心烦的病变，中满为本，应当治疗其中满。
有客气，有同气，大小便不利治其标；大小便利治其本。There are exogenous pathogenic qi and the same kind of qi. When there is difficulty in urination and defecation, treat the symptoms; when urination and defecation are normal, treat the root cause.
人体有感受了非时令之气的六淫邪气而发病的，也有因为不能适应按时而至的六气而发病的，不论是哪一种情况，只要出现大小便不通利的情况，也应先治疗这一紧急的标证；只有在大小便通利的情况下，才可以先治疗其他的本病。
病发而有余，本而标之，先治其本，后治其标。When a disease occurs with excess, focus on the root cause first and then on the symptoms. Treat the root cause first and then the symptoms.
疾病发作之后出现实证的，治疗时应以祛邪为主要的治法，先治其本，后治其标。
病发而不足，标而本之，先治其标，后治其本。When a disease occurs with deficiency, focus on the symptoms first and then on the root cause. Treat the symptoms first and then the root cause.
疾病发作以后表现为虚证的，治疗时应该先扶正，一般应该先治其标，后治其本。
谨详察间甚，以意调之。间者并行，甚为独行。Carefully and thoroughly observe the severity and mildness of the disease and adjust it according to one's judgment. For mild cases, comprehensive treatment can be adopted; for severe cases, a single treatment method is used.
谨慎、详细地观察病情是轻是重，根据自己的判断来进行调整。如果病情比较轻缓，就可以标本兼治；如果病情很严重，就要抓住关键的问题，单独针对主要问题进行治疗。
先小大便不利而后生他病者，治其本也。For those who first have difficulty in urination and defecation and then develop other diseases, treat the root cause.
先有大小便不利的症状而后变生其他病症的，应先治疗大小便不利这个本病。
