【双语阅读】房屋养老金引热议，谁来建立谁出钱？

文摘 2024-08-28 18:04 北京

China is piloting a housing pension system in 22 cities including Shanghai, which aims to create a long-term mechanism to maintain aging residential buildings.

8月23日，在国新办举行“推动高质量发展”系列主题新闻发布会上，住建部副部长董建国表示，研究建立房屋体检、房屋养老金、房屋保险制度，构建全生命周期房屋安全管理长效机制。

This initiative follows several high-profile incidents, such as the 2022 residential building collapse in Changsha in which 54 people died, that highlight the need for more robust housing safety measures.

There has been widespread interest in the proposed system, especially concerns about whether homeowners will have to contribute to the funding. At a news conference Friday, Dong Jianguo, vice minister of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development addressed the worries.

“房屋体检、房屋养老金、房屋保险制度”引发市场广泛关注，其中尤以房屋养老金为最，市场普遍关心，为何要建立房屋养老金制度、其与现行住房专项维修资金有何区别？建立该项制度是否需要居民出资？

The system is to address the aging housing stock in Chinese cities. More than 60% of the country’s urban housing was built more than 30 years ago, increasing risks over structural safety, outdated materials and inadequate design standards.

In China, home buyers have been paying into a housing maintenance fund since 1998, which covers the cost of repairs and upgrades to residential buildings. It is entirely funded by homeowners whose contribution is based on the size of the property.

This way of funding has proved inadequate for larger, more expensive projects such as structural repairs or community-wide upgrades, Yu Xiaofen, former vice president of Zhejiang University of Technology and president of the China Housing and Real Estate Research Institute, told Caixin.

浙江工业大学原副校长、中国住房和房地产研究院院长虞晓芬在接受财新采访时称，住宅专项维修资金在保障小区公共部位日常维护和电梯等设施更新中发挥了十分重要的作用，但因金额数量有限，已难以满足城市房屋安全维护和老旧小区的更新需要，“比如说危旧房的鉴定费，政府可以动用公共账户给予适当的补助”。

In some old communities, the housing maintenance funds have less than a third of the balance left and they face difficulties collecting new money, Yan Jianjun, deputy director of the Insurance and Economic Development Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out。

The new housing pension system aims to establish a government-backed public account to provide a more reliable funding mechanism for necessary updates and repairs, Dong said.

住建部此次提出的房屋养老金制度，旨在建立公共账户，而非个人账户。“特别说一下房屋养老金，个人账户通过缴纳住宅专项维修资金已经有了，试点的重点是政府把公共账户建立起来”，董建国表示。

Yin Fei, professor at the Central University of Finance and Economics, wrote in an article that the local governments should explore fund-raising channels.

Possible sources include reallocating a portion of land sale revenues, leveraging housing provident funds and securing government budget allocations, Yu suggested.

中央财经大学教授、法学院院长尹飞撰文称，房屋养老金公共账户的款项来自于公共资金，按照“不增加个人负担，不减损个人权益”的原则，由地方政府探索资金筹集渠道，此次建立的房屋养老金公共账户不会加重业主负担。

Many local governments have actually spent a lot of money on the renovation of old residential areas but have not been able to form a stable source of funds, Yu said. The new housing pension system would help stabilize local governments’ planning, rather than spending more when they have money and doing nothing when they have no money, he said.

Yu stressed that the housing pension public account should subsidize housing renovation, rather than pay the full bill. In future, a matching system based on contributions from homeowners will be necessary, Yu suggested.

不过，虞晓芬强调，产权人是房屋安全第一责任人，房屋养老金公共账户主要承担房屋更新的“补助”职能，而非全面兜底房屋危改、更新的全部资金，“比如房屋安全的体检费、必要的鉴定费，以及紧急情况时对资金困难的房屋进行垫付”，未来还需匹配基于个人账户的房屋保险等制度。

Shanghai is at the forefront of this initiative. The city has more than 760 million square meters of existing homes, many of which have started to age, Mayor Gong Zheng said at a meeting on August 20.

He said Shanghai would implement the new system in two phases: an initial pilot in select districts such as Pudong this year, followed by a broader rollout in 2025.

Other pilot cities include Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and other major urban centers.

实际上，上海是此次“房屋体检、房屋养老金、房屋保险制度”的22个试点城市之一。根据住建部发布的信息，试点城市包括北上广深四个一线城市，以及杭州、南京、西安、郑州等。

Writing by Denise Jia

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