今天，11月16日，世界宽容日（International Day of Tolerance）。生活不易，少些叹气。
🤔️小作业：
1. Why does UNESCO emphasize education in promoting tolerance?
A) It is a way to enforce strict regulations against discrimination.
B) It helps future generations develop respect for diversity.
C) It directly addresses the biases in artificial intelligence.
D) It ensures that cultural heritage is preserved.
无注释原文：
Message from Ms Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO, on the occasion of International Day of Tolerance
16 November 2023
Tolerance is not concession, condescension or indulgence. Tolerance is, above all, an active attitude prompted by recognition of universal human rights.
It was in these words that 28 years ago, in the Declaration of Principles on Tolerance, UNESCO's Member States defined the beautiful idea of tolerance – an idea at the heart of UNESCO's mandate.
Yet, there is no denying that this beautiful idea of tolerance is currently jeopardized by the divisions and threats – climate disruption, conflict, discrimination and technological divides – that are running through our societies, and which are also at the heart of contemporary challenges.
And the figures are alarming: over the past two years, discrimination recorded by national legal systems has worsened in 70% of countries worldwide.
In the face of this challenge, the commitment to building the intellectual and moral solidarity of humanity lies at the very heart of the Organization's mandate. Tolerance cannot be decreed: it must be built.
It is built first and foremost by an uncompromising fight against all forms of racism and discrimination. To strengthen our actions in this area, and to further mobilize our Member States and civil society, UNESCO is organizing the third Global Forum against Racism and Discrimination with the Government of Brazil, to be held at the end of this month in Sao Paulo.
Tolerance is also built through education – particularly education for peace, through which tomorrow's citizens learn to respect difference in others. Through the recent revision of UNESCO's 1974 Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Cooperation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, our Organization has updated international doctrine on these very topics.
Tolerance is also built through the diversity of cultures and heritage – revealing to all, across borders, our common humanity. This is the purpose of the UNESCO conventions for world heritage, cultural diversity and intangible heritage: not only to protect these treasures of humanity, but also to show their universal value as a basis for peace.
Last but not least, tolerance is built in the face of the contemporary challenges posed by new and digital technologies. Our Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) thus warns against the racist and sexist biases of AI. In the same vein, we have also developed principles for combating the spread of discrimination and hate speech on social networks.
In order to convey these values of tolerance, UNESCO has awarded the UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence since 1995, United Nations Year for Tolerance, to honour significant activities in the scientific, artistic, cultural and communication fields aimed at the promotion of a spirit of tolerance and non-violence.
On this international day, let us recall the words of Franca Ma-ih Sulem Yong, winner of the 2022 UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence: “I have learned that tolerance does not consist of approving of what is wrong, but rather giving people the space to be themselves”.
This space to be oneself, this unwavering breath of life, is precisely what UNESCO is offering on this International Day for Tolerance as we celebrate diversity and the right to be different - the tolerance that makes it possible to live together in harmony.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为UNESCO官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Message from Ms Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO, on the occasion of International Day of Tolerance
教科文组织总干事奥德蕾·阿祖莱国际宽容日致辞
16 November 2023
2023年11月16日
Tolerance is not concession, condescension or indulgence. Tolerance is, above all, an active attitude prompted by recognition of universal human rights.
“宽容不是让步、俯就或迁就。宽容首先是以积极的态度承认普遍的人权。”
tolerance
tolerance /ˈtɒl.ər.əns/ 表示“宽容；忍受；容忍”，英文解释为“willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them”
concession
concession /kənˈseʃ.ən/ 1）表示“（常指为结束争端而作出的）认可，让与，让步，妥协”，英文解释为“something that is allowed or given up, often in order to end a disagreement, or the act of allowing or giving this”举个🌰：Both sides involved in the conflict made some concessions in yesterday's talks. 在昨天的谈判中，冲突双方都作了些让步。
2）表示“认输”，英文解释为“the act of admitting defeat”
📍 a concession speech 承认失败的讲话/败选演讲。
condescension
表示“屈尊；傲慢态度；纡尊降贵（表不满）”，英文解释为“behaviour that shows you think you are more important or more intelligent than other people”
indulgence
indulgence /ɪnˈdʌl.dʒəns/ 1）表示“允许；迁就；纵容”，英文解释为“an occasion when you allow or do not mind someone's failure or bad behaviour”举个🌰：My inability to do needlework was treated with surprising indulgence by my teacher. 我不会做针线活儿，而老师竟然迁就了我，这真令我吃惊。
2）表示“沉溺；放纵”，英文解释为“an occasion when you allow someone or yourself to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you”举个🌰：Chocolate is my only indulgence. 巧克力是我唯一的嗜好。
prompt
prompt /prɒmpt/ 作名词，1）表示“（计算机屏幕上的）提示符（显示计算机已经准备好接受指令）”，英文解释为“a sign on a computer screen that shows that the computer is ready to receive your instructions”
📍在ChatGPT火热的今天，prompt通常指的是给模型的输入，用来激发或引导模型生成特定的输出或回答。简而言之，prompt是指用户提供给语言模型的一段文字或命令，以便模型据此理解用户的需求并给出相应的响应或信息。例如，在与像ChatGPT这样的大语言模型交互时，用户提出的问题或指令就是一个“prompt”。模型会根据这个prompt的内容分析、处理并生成回答或执行相关的任务。Prompt对于大语言模型来说是非常关键的，因为它直接决定了模型如何理解和回应用户的需求。
📍prompt中文里有译为“提示词”，prompt engineering 就是“提示工程/提示词工程”。
2）表示“（给演员的）提词，提白”，英文解释为“words that are spoken to an actor who has forgotten what he or she is going to say during the performance of a play”
3）作动词，表示“促使；导致；激起”，英文解释为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd. 他的讲话激起了人群中一男子的愤怒。
📺美剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不幸。
4）作动词，表示“（尤指）给（演员）提词”，英文解释为“to help someone, especially an actor, to remember what they were going to say or do”举个🌰：I forgot my line and had to be prompted. 我忘词了，只好让人提词。
It was in these words that 28 years ago, in the Declaration of Principles on Tolerance, UNESCO's Member States defined the beautiful idea of tolerance – an idea at the heart of UNESCO's mandate.
27年前，在《宽容原则宣言》中，教科文组织的会员国正是用这样的词句界定了宽容这一美好理念，而这也是处于教科文组织任务核心的一个理念。
mandate
mandate /ˈmæn.deɪt/ 作动词，表示“命令；要求；强制执行；授权”，英文解释为“to order someone to do something”举个🌰：Our delegates have been mandated to vote against the proposal at the conference. 我们的代表受命在会议上对提议投反对票。
作名词，1）表示“授权；委任”，英文解释为“the authority given to an elected group of people, such as a government, to perform an action or govern a country”
2）表示“（联合国授权某国管理的）托管地”，英文解释为“the name of an area of land that has been given to a country by the UN, following or as part of a peace agreement”
Yet, there is no denying that this beautiful idea of tolerance is currently jeopardized by the divisions and threats – climate disruption, conflict, discrimination and technological divides – that are running through our societies, and which are also at the heart of contemporary challenges.
然而，必须承认的是，今天在我们社会中肆虐的分裂和威胁为这一美好的理念笼罩上了一层阴云，这些分裂和威胁也与气候变化、冲突、歧视和技术鸿沟等当代挑战息息相关。
jeopardize
jeopardize /ˈdʒɛpəˌdaɪz/ 表示“使处于危险境地；危及，损害”，英文解释为“to put something such as a plan or system in danger of being harmed or damaged”举个🌰：She knew that by failing her finals she could jeopardize her whole future. 她知道考试不及格会影响自己的整个前程。
contemporary
contemporary /kənˈtem.pər.ər.i/ 表示“当代的；现代的”，英文解释为“existing or happening now, and therefore seeming modern”如：contemporary music/literature/art/fashion 当代音乐/文学/艺术/时尚。
And the figures are alarming: over the past two years, discrimination recorded by national legal systems has worsened in 70% of countries worldwide.
统计数据令人担忧：在过去两年中，全世界70%的国家在司法系统中记录的歧视案件呈恶化态势。
In the face of this challenge, the commitment to building the intellectual and moral solidarity of humanity lies at the very heart of the Organization's mandate. Tolerance cannot be decreed: it must be built.
面对这一挑战，本组织坚定承诺构建“人类理性与道德上之团结”。因为宽容不是靠颁布法令来实现的，而是需要被构建的。
decreed
decree /dɪˈkriː/ 作动词，表示“颁布法令，下达政令；发出命令”，英文解释为“to officially decide or order that something must happen”举个🌰：They decreed an end to discrimination on grounds of age. 他们下令不准再有年龄歧视。
作名词，表示“法令；政令；裁定；判决”，英文解释为“A decree is an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country.”
It is built first and foremost by an uncompromising fight against all forms of racism and discrimination. To strengthen our actions in this area, and to further mobilize our Member States and civil society, UNESCO is organizing the third Global Forum against Racism and Discrimination with the Government of Brazil, to be held at the end of this month in Sao Paulo.
宽容首先是通过毫不妥协地打击一切形式的种族主义和歧视来构建的。因此，为了加强我们在这一领域的行动，并进一步动员我们的会员国和民间社会，教科文组织将与巴西政府一道，于本月底在圣保罗举办第三届反对种族主义和歧视全球论坛。
uncompromising
uncompromising /ʌnˈkɒm.prə.maɪ.zɪŋ/ 表示“（尤指遭到反对时人或其信念）不妥协的，不让步的，强硬的”，英文解释为“If people or their beliefs are uncompromising, they are fixed and do not change, especially when faced with opposition.”
mobilize
mobilise/mobilize 表示“组织；动员；调动；（尤指战时）动员，（使）准备战斗”，英文解释为“to organize or prepare something, such as a group of people, for a purpose；to prepare to fight, especially in a war”
Tolerance is also built through education – particularly education for peace, through which tomorrow's citizens learn to respect difference in others. Through the recent revision of UNESCO's 1974 Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Cooperation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, our Organization has updated international doctrine on these very topics.
宽容也是通过教育特别是和平教育来构建的，正是通过这种教育，未来的公民将学会在差异中尊重他人。最近，本组织通过修订《关于促进和平与人权、国际了解、合作、基本自由、全球公民意识和可持续发展的教育的建议书》，更新了有关这些主题的国际论述。
doctrine
doctrine /ˈdɒktrɪn/ 表示“（尤指政治或宗教的）信条，教义，学说”，英文解释为“a belief or set of beliefs, especially political or religious ones, that are taught and accepted by a particular group”。
Tolerance is also built through the diversity of cultures and heritage – revealing to all, across borders, our common humanity. This is the purpose of the UNESCO conventions for world heritage, cultural diversity and intangible heritage: not only to protect these treasures of humanity, but also to show their universal value as a basis for peace.
宽容也是通过文化和遗产的多样性来构建的，它跨越疆界向所有人揭示出我们共同的人性。这正是教科文组织关于世界遗产、文化多样性和非物质遗产各项公约的宗旨所在：不仅要保护这些人类财富，还要展示其作为和平根基的普遍价值。
diversity
diversity /daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/ 表示“多样性，多样化”，英文解释为“the fact of many different types of things or people being included in something; a range of different things or people”举个🌰：Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country? 电视节目能充分反映出这个国家民族和文化的多样性吗？
heritage
heritage /ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ 表示“遗产（指流传下来的具有历史意义的传统、语言、建筑等）”，英文解释为“features belonging to the culture of a particular society, such as traditions, languages, or buildings, that were created in the past and still have historical importance”
convention
convention /kənˈven.ʃən/ 1）表示“大会；会议”，英文解释为“a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party”
2）表示“（国家或首脑间的）公约，协定，协议”，英文解释为“an official agreement between countries or leaders”如：the Geneva convention 日内瓦公约。
intangible
intangible /ɪnˈtæn.dʒə.bəl/ 表示“（感觉或性质）难以捉摸的，无法形容的，难以确定的”，英文解释为“impossible to touch, to describe exactly, or to give an exact value”举个🌰：She has that intangible quality which you might call charisma. 她具有一种难以捉摸的特质，你或许会称之为领袖气质。
📍我们常听说的非物质文化遗产，就是：intangible cultural heritage.
Last but not least, tolerance is built in the face of the contemporary challenges posed by new and digital technologies. Our Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) thus warns against the racist and sexist biases of AI. In the same vein, we have also developed principles for combating the spread of discrimination and hate speech on social networks.
最后，宽容也是在面对新技术和数字技术带来的新挑战时构建的。我们的《人工智能伦理问题建议书》对人工智能中的种族主义和性别偏见提出了警告。在此基础上，我们还制定了在社交媒体上打击歧视和仇恨言论传播的原则。
vein
vein /veɪn/ 表示“静脉”，英文解释为“a tube that carries blood to the heart from the other parts of the body”
2）表示“（说话、写作）风格；方式”，英文解释为“in a particular style of speaking or writing about something”举个🌰：A number of other people commented in a similar vein. 其他一些人也以类似的腔调评论。
In order to convey these values of tolerance, UNESCO has awarded the UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence since 1995, United Nations Year for Tolerance, to honour significant activities in the scientific, artistic, cultural and communication fields aimed at the promotion of a spirit of tolerance and non-violence.
为弘扬这些宽容价值观，自1995年联合国宽容年以来，教科文组织一直通过教科文组织—马登吉特·辛格奖，奖励科学、艺术、文化和传播领域的重要活动，以促进宽容和非暴力精神。
convey
1）表示“运送，运输”，英文解释为“to take or carry someone or something to a particular place”举个🌰：The goods are usually conveyed by rail. 这种货物通常通过铁路运输。
2）表示“表达，传达（思想、感情或想法）”，英文解释为“to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people”举个🌰：Please convey our condolences to the family. 请向家人转达我们的哀思。
On this international day, let us recall the words of Franca Ma-ih Sulem Yong, winner of the 2022 UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence: “I have learned that tolerance does not consist of approving of what is wrong, but rather giving people the space to be themselves”.
值此国际日，让我们谨记2022年教科文组织—马登吉特·辛格奖得主Franca Ma-ih Sulem Yong的话：“我认识到，宽容不是对恶的认可，而是给人们留下成为自己的空间。”
This space to be oneself, this unwavering breath of life, is precisely what UNESCO is offering on this International Day for Tolerance as we celebrate diversity and the right to be different - the tolerance that makes it possible to live together in harmony.
教科文组织在这一国际日礼赞多样性和差异性权利，礼赞宽容这一共存共处的基础，正是为了倡导这种成为自己的空间，这种坚定不移的生命气息。
unwavering
unwavering /ʌnˈweɪ.vər.ɪŋ/ 表示“从不动摇的；从不变弱的”，英文解释为“never changing or becoming weaker”举个🌰：Her belief in the project has been unwavering. 她对这一项目的信心从未动摇。
📍词源和词根：这个词由"un-"和"waver"组成，"un-"是否定前缀，"waver"来自古英语"wæfre"，意为"不稳定的"。派生词：unwaveringly 常用短语：unwavering support 坚定的支持。
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