去年，剑桥词典（Cambridge Dictionary）公布2023年度词汇：Hallucinate.
近日，剑桥词典公布了2024年度词汇：Manifest.
“Manifest”一词起源于拉丁语和法语，最初用作形容词，意为“清晰可见”或“显而易见”。随着时间的推移，该词逐渐发展为动词，表示“清楚地展示某事物”。在20世纪早期，manifest开始衍生出新的含义，指通过内化某种想法，或通过有意或无意的方式促使其发生（实现梦想）。
剑桥词典英文解释：to use methods such as visualization (= picturing something in your mind) and affirmation (= repeating positive phrases) to help you imagine achieving something you want, in the belief that doing so will make it more likely to happen.
近年来，这个含义的用法在自助书籍、社交媒体和主流媒体中迅速流行，尤其是在“manifesting influencers”（宣扬愿景实现的达人）的推动下，变得广为人知。这种含义强调通过积极思考、可视化目标和自我暗示，实现个人愿望或目标，尽管这一实践缺乏科学依据，却受到广泛推崇。
🤔️小作业：
1. What does the selection of “manifest” as the word of the year illustrate about language, according to Wendalyn Nichols?
A) Language evolves primarily due to celebrity endorsements.
B) Words become popular when their meanings remain stable over time.
C) User engagement and cultural trends significantly shape language evolution.
D) Online dictionary lookups are the sole determinant of a word's relevance.
A) It acknowledges manifesting as scientifically proven in certain contexts.
B) It critiques manifestation as a pseudoscience without evidence.
C) It notes that manifestation lacks scientific backing but remains influential.
D) It omits any discussion of scientific aspects, focusing solely on its popularity.
无注释原文：
Cambridge Dictionary's word of the year 2024 is all about thinking positive
From: CNN
Cambridge Dictionary has put it out to the universe, naming “manifest” as its word of the year for 2024.
Popularized by celebrities such as singer Dua Lipa, “manifest” refers to the practice of using “methods such as visualization and affirmation to help you imagine achieving something you want, in the belief that doing so will make it more likely to happen,” the British dictionary publisher said in an announcement Wednesday.
Lipa has spoken about how she thinks manifestation has played a part in her success, helping to bring about key moments in her career, such as playing at the Glastonbury Festival this year.
“If you set an intention and you think about it every single day of your life, and for me, Glastonbury for example, when I first started making music I dreamed about the day that I would get asked to headline Glastonbury,” she said in an interview in April.
“And I've probably thought about it every single session that I'm in the studio, because when I write a song I think I go 'oh what's this going to sound like at Glastonbury?'” Lipa said.
“That in a way is setting that idea, that intention in the back of my mind,” she added. “I think it's powerful.”
US Olympic gymnast Simone Biles has also mentioned her use of manifestation after her mother started encouraging her to write down her goals.
“You have to write it down, you have to speak it into existence, you have to see it daily and then it usually happens,” she said in an interview in October.
Taken from Latin and French, in English the word “manifest” originally meant “easily noticed or obvious” before it started to be used as a verb meaning “to show something clearly.”
In the early 20th century it started to be used to mean “to make something happen by internalizing it, intentionally or unintentionally,” according to Cambridge Dictionary.
This year marked manifesting's move into the wider public consciousness, it said.
“In 2024, the word manifest jumped from being mainly used in the self-help community and on social media to being mentioned widely across mainstream media,” it wrote.
“The use of this sense of manifest has gained in popularity with the increasing number of 'manifesting influencers' promoting this scientifically unproven practice on social media—so much so that it was added to the Cambridge Dictionary in May of 2023.”
The dictionary said the word has been looked up nearly 130,000 times on its website, becoming one of its most viewed entries.
Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary's publishing manager, said the word of the year pick is based on “user data, zeitgeist and language.”
“Manifest won this year because it increased notably in lookups, its use widened greatly across all types of media, and it shows how the meanings of a word can change over time,” said Nichols.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Cambridge Dictionary's word of the year 2024 is all about thinking positive
From: CNN
Cambridge Dictionary has put it out to the universe, naming “manifest” as its word of the year for 2024.
《剑桥词典》向全世界宣布，“manifest”一词被选为2024年度词汇。
manifest
manifest /ˈmæn.ɪ.fest/ 作动词，1）表示“显示；表现；表明”，英文解释为“to show something clearly, through signs or actions”举个🌰：The illness first manifested itself in/as severe stomach pains. 这种疾病最初表现为严重的胃痛。
作形容词，表示“明显的，显而易见的”，英文解释为“easily noticed or obvious”如：manifest relief 显而易见的放松。
作名词，表示“货单；旅客名单”，英文解释为“a list of people and goods carried on a ship or plane”举个🌰：He had been listed on the manifest for the flight but it could not be confirmed if he had boarded. 他被列入了旅客名单，但是无法确认他是否登上了飞机。
“Manifest”一词起源于拉丁语和法语，最初在英语中用作形容词，意为“清晰可见”或“显而易见”。在20世纪早期，manifest开始衍生出新的含义，指通过内化某种想法，或通过有意或无意的方式促使其发生（实现梦想）。剑桥词典英文解释：to use methods such as visualization (= picturing something in your mind) and affirmation (= repeating positive phrases) to help you imagine achieving something you want, in the belief that doing so will make it more likely to happen.
Popularized by celebrities such as singer Dua Lipa, “manifest” refers to the practice of using “methods such as visualization and affirmation to help you imagine achieving something you want, in the belief that doing so will make it more likely to happen,” the British dictionary publisher said in an announcement Wednesday.
周三，该英国词典出版商在公告中表示，“manifest”是指利用“可视化和积极暗示等方法来帮助自己实现设想目标，并相信这样做能增加实现的可能性。”这一词汇因歌手杜阿·利帕（Dua Lipa）等名人的推广而流行开来。
popularize
popularize /ˈpɒp.jə.lə.raɪz/ 表示“宣传，推广；使大众化”，英文解释为“to make something become popular”举个🌰：It was Pavarotti in the 1980s who really popularized opera. 帕瓦罗蒂在20世纪80年代真正推动了歌剧的大众化。
visualization
visualization /ˌvɪʒ.u.əl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“视觉化，可视化”，英文解释为“the act of visualizing something or someone (= forming a picture of it in your mind)”举个🌰：She spent 25 years developing self-help techniques which involve meditation and visualization. 她花了25年时间开发涉及冥想和可视化的自助技巧。
affirmation
affirmation /ˌæf.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“证实；确认；断言”，英文解释为“a statement or sign that something is true”举个🌰：The reports are an affirmation that the students are learning. 这些报告说明学生确实在学习。
2）表示“肯定，确认”，英文解释为“the act of saying yes or of showing that you mean yes”
3）表示“支持；肯定”，英文解释为“support or approval”举个🌰：He scours the newspapers for slights and affirmation. 他在报纸上搜寻轻视和肯定的内容。
c此处affirmation的意思是肯定性陈述或正向自我暗示，在心理学和个人成长领域中，指通过重复积极的语句或短语来增强信心、改变心态或实现目标的行为。
Lipa has spoken about how she thinks manifestation has played a part in her success, helping to bring about key moments in her career, such as playing at the Glastonbury Festival this year.
利帕曾谈到，她认为“manifestation”在她的成功中发挥了重要作用，助力她实现了职业生涯中的高光时刻，比如今年在格拉斯顿伯里音乐节上的演出。
“If you set an intention and you think about it every single day of your life, and for me, Glastonbury for example, when I first started making music I dreamed about the day that I would get asked to headline Glastonbury,” she said in an interview in April.
她在四月的一次采访中说：“如果你设定一个目标，并且在生活中每天都想着它，例如对我来说，以格拉斯顿伯里音乐节为目标，当我刚开始创作音乐时，就一直梦想着有一天能成为格拉斯顿伯里音乐节的主打嘉宾。”
headline
headline /ˈhed.laɪn/ 1）表示“以…为标题；以…为主要故事”，英文解释为“to have something as a headline or as the main story”举个🌰：The story was headlined "Killer dogs on the loose". 这篇报道的标题是：“杀人恶犬肆意逞凶”。
2）表示“（在娱乐活动中）扮演主角，充当主角”，英文解释为“to be the main performer at an entertainment event”举个🌰：The band's headlining appearance at the festival could be their last. 这支乐队音乐节上唱起了主角，但这可能是他们最后一次演出了。
“And I've probably thought about it every single session that I'm in the studio, because when I write a song I think I go 'oh what's this going to sound like at Glastonbury?'” Lipa said.
她说，“我可能在录音室的每一次录音中都会想到这一点，因为当我写一首歌时，我会想'哦，这首歌在格拉斯顿伯里听起来会是什么样子？'”
“That in a way is setting that idea, that intention in the back of my mind,” she added. “I think it's powerful.”
“这在某种程度上就是在我脑海中设定了这个想法和目标，”她补充说。“我认为这很有力量。”
US Olympic gymnast Simone Biles has also mentioned her use of manifestation after her mother started encouraging her to write down her goals.
同样，美国奥运体操冠军西蒙·拜尔斯（Simone Biles）也提到了她通过“manifestation”实现目标的经历。在母亲的建议下，她开始通过写下自己的目标。
gymnast
gymnast /ˈdʒɪm.næst/ 表示“擅长体操的人；体操运动员”，英文解释为“a person who is skilled in gymnastics, often someone who competes in gymnastic competitions”
“You have to write it down, you have to speak it into existence, you have to see it daily and then it usually happens,” she said in an interview in October.
10月份，她在接受采访时说：“你必须把它写下来，你必须把它说出来，你必须每天都看到它，通常这样，目标真的会实现。”
Taken from Latin and French, in English the word “manifest” originally meant “easily noticed or obvious” before it started to be used as a verb meaning “to show something clearly.”
英语中的“manifest”一词来自拉丁语和法语，最初的意思是“容易注意到或显而易见的”，后来才开始被用作动词，意思是“清晰地表明某事。”
verb
verb /vɜːb/ 表示“动词”，英文解释为“a word or phrase that describes an action, condition, or experience”举个🌰：The words "learn" and "record" are both verbs. learn和record都是动词。
In the early 20th century it started to be used to mean “to make something happen by internalizing it, intentionally or unintentionally,” according to Cambridge Dictionary.
根据《剑桥词典》的解释，20世纪初，“manifest”一词开始被用来指“有意或无意地通过内化来实现某事。”
internalize
internalise/internalize 表示“将（情感）藏在心底；使（想法、态度、信仰等）成为性格的一部分，使内化”，英文解释为“If you internalize your emotions or feelings, you do not allow them to show although you think about them. To accept or absorb an idea, opinion, belief, etc. so that it becomes part of your character”举个🌰：Many women tend to internalize their anxiety and distress. 许多女性常常将所有的焦虑和苦恼都深藏心底。
This year marked manifesting's move into the wider public consciousness, it said.
该词典称，这一含义在2024年更加深入人心。
consciousness
consciousness /ˈkɒn.ʃəs.nəs/ 表示“意识；感觉；觉悟”，英文解释为“the state of understanding and realizing something”举个🌰：Her consciousness that she's different makes her feel uneasy. 意识到自已与众不同，她感到很不自在。
“In 2024, the word manifest jumped from being mainly used in the self-help community and on social media to being mentioned widely across mainstream media,” it wrote.
《剑桥词典》指出：“2024年，'manifest'一词从主要在自助社区和社交媒体上使用，一跃成为主流媒体广泛提及的词汇。”
“The use of this sense of manifest has gained in popularity with the increasing number of 'manifesting influencers' promoting this scientifically unproven practice on social media—so much so that it was added to the Cambridge Dictionary in May of 2023.”
“随着越来越多的‘宣扬愿景实现达人’在社交媒体上推广这一未经科学证实的做法，这种意义上的‘manifest’使用越来越流行——以至于2023年5月被正式收录到《剑桥词典》中。”
influencer
influencer /ˈɪn.flu.ən.sər/ 字面上的意思就是影响者，有影响力的人，柯林斯词典中的解释分为两种，一个就是字面上的意思：any person or thing that exerts an influence；另一种解释为：a person who uses social media to promote lifestyle choices, commercial products, etc to his or her followers. 利用社交媒体向自己的粉丝推广或推荐产品和服务的人，就是类似于现在网络中的“网红、博主”，或者说关键意见领袖，Key Opinion Leader，KOL.
The dictionary said the word has been looked up nearly 130,000 times on its website, becoming one of its most viewed entries.
《剑桥词典》指出，这个词在其网站上被搜索了近13万次，成为年度最受关注的词汇之一。
website
website /ˈweb.saɪt/ 表示“网站，网址”，英文解释为“a set of pages of information on the internet about a particular subject, published by a single person or organization”
entry
1）表示“项目；条目；（一则）记录”，英文解释为“a separate piece of information that is recorded in a book, computer, etc.”举个🌰：They've updated a lot of the entries in the most recent edition of the encyclopedia. 在最新版百科全书中他们更新了很多条目。
2）表示“参赛作品；参赛答卷”，英文解释为“An entry for a competition is a piece of work, a story or drawing, or the answers to a set of questions, which you complete in order to take part in the competition.”
Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary's publishing manager, said the word of the year pick is based on “user data, zeitgeist and language.”
《剑桥词典》出版经理温达琳·尼科尔斯（Wendalyn Nichols）指出，年度词的评选是基于“用户数据、时代潮流和语言使用趋势。”
zeitgeist
zeitgeist /ˈtsaɪt.ɡaɪst/ 表示“（某一特定历史时期的）时代思潮，时代精神”，英文解释为“the general set of ideas, beliefs, feelings, etc. that is typical of a particular period in history”
“Manifest won this year because it increased notably in lookups, its use widened greatly across all types of media, and it shows how the meanings of a word can change over time,” said Nichols.
尼科尔斯说：“之所以选择manifest为年度词汇，原因是其搜索量显著增加，在各类媒体中的使用范围大大拓宽，而且体现了词义随着时间变化的过程。”
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