★ There be句型 表示某处存在某物/某人。
如:There is a book on the desk.
↓ ↓
某物 某处
翻译:书桌上有一本书。
◆1> There is +可数名词单数/不可数名词+ 其它.
◆2> There are +可数名词复数 +其它.
即:be动词要与后面名词的数保持一致。
如:
There is a map on the wall.
There are two maps on the wall.
◆3> 当句中有两个或两个以上的名词时,be动词要与跟它最靠近的名词的数保持一致,称为就近原则。
如:
There are two boys and a girl under the tree.
(two boys 最靠近be动词)
There is a girl and two boys under the tree.
(a girl 最靠近be动词)
■1> 否定句:
在be动词后加not。
如:
There is a book on the desk.
→变否:There is not a book on the desk.
缩写后变成:There isn't a book on the desk.
注意:
肯定句中如含有some,在变成否定句时,要把some变any
如:
There are some books on the desk.
→变否:There aren't any books on the desk.
■2> 一般疑问句:
把be动词调到句首,句号变问号。
如:
There is a book on the desk.
→变疑:Is there a book on the desk?
注意:
当句中含有some时,变为疑问句时,要将some变为any。
There are some books on the desk.
→变疑:Are there any books on the desk?
■3> 特殊疑问句
对可数名词的数量进行提问,用How many
如:
There are five people in the room.(对划线部分提问)
→How many people are there in the room?
has用于主语三单,have用在主语非三单。
have的第三人称单数形式是:has。
第三人称单数,简称三单。符合三单的情况有:
◆ he/she/it作主语时
◆ 单个人名/地名/称呼等作主语时
◆ the/this/that+可数名词单数作主语时
◆ 不可数名词作主语时
如:
He has a book.
My mother has a book.
That cat has big eyes.
(主语He/My mother/The cat符合三单)
I have a book.
You have a book.
They have some books.
(主语I/You/They不符合三单)
◆ 注意:
1. 助动词do/does后加动词原形
2. 其中助动词does用在主语三单,其它情况用do
如:
Do you have a car?
Does he have a car?
I don’t have a car.
He doesn’t have a car.
■1 结构不同:
There be + 名词 +其它.
主语 + have/has + 其它.
■2 意义不同
there be侧重表示“存在”
have/has侧重表示“持有/拥有”
■3 两者不可混用
(×) There is have ....
(×) There have are ....
试对比以下句子:
第一组:
There are some apples in the box.
盒子里有一些苹果。
We have some apples.
我们有一些苹果。
第二组:
There is a dog under the desk.
书桌下有一只狗。
My mother has a dog.
我妈妈有一只狗。
一、选词填空,把单词写在相应的横线上,注意大小写。
is are isn’t aren’t some any
AndthereisalittledognexttoBen.Itishispet.Itisblack.Bobdoesn’t have a pet.
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