1、什么是喘振
2、喘振危害
a) A reversal of significant mass flow that can result in large dynamic forces on the impeller or blading within the compressor, on components of the compressor exposed to large changes in axial force on the rotor such as thrust bearings, bearing, housings or their attachment to the compressor casing, and piping connected to the compressor. Left uncorrected, surge may result in fatigue damage to compressor or piping components.
a) 大量的质量流逆转可能会导致压缩机内的叶轮或叶片承受巨大的动态力，对承受轴向力变化大的压缩机部件（如止推轴承、轴承、机壳或其与压缩机外壳的连接）以及与压缩机相连的管道造成影响。如果不加以纠正，喘振可能会导致压缩机或管道部件的疲劳损伤。
b) A reversal of flow within the compressor results in hot compressed gas returning to the compressor inlet to be recompressed once flow is stabilized to a point to restore normal flow within the compressor. Left uncorrected, surge can result in ever-increasing temperatures within the compressor leading to potential rubs created by differential expansion of components within the compressor.
b) 压缩机内部的流量逆转会导致热压缩气体返回到压缩机入口，一旦流量稳定到足以恢复压缩机内部的正常流量，这些气体将被重新压缩。如果不加以纠正，喘振可能会导致压缩机内部温度不断升高，从而导致由于压缩机内部部件的膨胀差异而产生的潜在摩擦。
c) A reversal of flow may lead to process related problems that could shut down a plant
c) 流量逆流可能会导致与工艺相关的问题，这些问题可能会导致工厂停产。
3、压缩机防喘振控制策略的要求
a) Combination of closed loop and open loop control. If closed loop control is not able to avoid large overshoots beyond the surge control line, the open loop control should be activated and open the antisurge valve. This can be achieved either in step changes through analogue output or staggered/full opening through solenoid valve(s).
应该使用闭环控制和开环控制组合的方案。如果闭环控制不能避免超过喘振控制线的大幅超调，应激活开环控制并打开防浪涌阀。这可以通过模拟输出的阶跃变化或通过电磁阀的错开/全开来实现。——开环控制用于紧急情况
b) Rapid transients toward surge should be detected and the anti-surge valve should open in open loop or closed loop control before the anti-surge control line is reached.
b) 应该检测到快速向喘振方向的瞬态变化，并在达到防浪涌控制线之前，在开环或闭环控制中打开防浪涌阀。——这就是趋势控制
c) Manual controlled opening of the anti-surge valve should be possible without risk of closing the valve further than allowed for surge protection
c) 应允许手动控制打开防喘振阀，且不会因关闭阀门而危及喘振保护。
4、环路的响应时间要求
a) 控制器的最佳最大死区时间应小于10毫秒。
END
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