睾丸固定术丨医学英语视听学习

Orchiopexy

睾丸固定术

An undescended testicle is a condition where one or both male reproductive glands have not moved down from a baby's belly or abdomen into the scrotum. 

隐睾症指一侧或两侧男性生殖腺未自孩子腹部下降到阴囊内的疾病。

Normally, before birth, a male baby's testicles grow inside his abdomen. The testicles, along with their blood vessels, travel down through tube like structures called inguinal canals into the scrotum. 

正常情况下，出生前，男孩的睾丸在腹内生长。睾丸，以及其血管，经腹股沟管管状结构，进入阴囊。

Sometimes, for unknown reasons, one or both testicles fail to move down into the scrotum before birth. An undescended testicle can remain in the abdomen or in the inguinal canals or just above the scrotum or they may migrate to the base of the penis or other areas.  

有时，由于未知原因，出生前，孩子一侧或双侧的睾丸未能下降到阴囊。隐睾留在腹部或腹股沟管中，或阴囊上方，或可能迁移到阴茎根部或其他部位。

Half of the time, the testicles descend to the scrotum within 90 days after birth, but if they don't descend, this person may have problems having children when he is an adult. He will also have a much higher chance of developing testicular cancer.

约 1/2 的患儿出生后90天内，睾丸下降到阴囊，但是，如果未下降，则该患儿成人后可能出现生育问题。隐睾也可能增加睾丸癌的患病风险。

Usually undescended testicles can be diagnosed by physical exam. If the testicles cannot be felt beneath the skin, diagnosis will be performed by ultrasound, CT scan, or occasionally laparoscopy.

通常，隐睾通过体检进行诊断。如果在皮肤下触摸不到睾丸，则通过超声，CT扫描，或偶尔通过腹腔镜检查诊断。

Undescended testicles often require an operation called an orchiopexy. The procedure is recommended within the first year after birth. 

隐睾通常需要行“睾丸固定术”修复，推荐在患儿出生后第一年内进行手术。

If the baby's testicle is in or below the inguinal canal, an open surgery may be performed. 

如果患儿的睾丸位于腹股沟管内或下方，则可进行开放手术。首先，医生将在患儿腹股沟做一个小切口，将睾丸自周围一些组织中释放出来。医生将在阴囊处做第二个切口，将睾丸，及其血管拉入阴囊，缝合并固定。最后，缝合切口，使用皮肤封闭带、纱布或绷带覆盖缝合部位。

If the testicle is in the abdomen, a laparoscopic orchiopexy may be performed. 

如果睾丸位于腹部，则进行腹腔镜睾丸固定术。

To begin, the surgeon will make two or three tiny incisions in the baby's abdomen. Small tubes for a camera and surgical instruments will be inserted through these incisions. The surgeon will use the instruments to free the testicle from some of the surrounding tissue. 

首先，医生将在患儿腹部做 2 或 3 个微小切口，经切口插入输送摄像机和手术器械的小导管。

Then, another incision will be made in the bottom of the scrotum. The surgeon will insert an instrument into this incision to reach up and pull the testicle down into the scrotum. Stitches will hold the testicle in place within the scrotum. 

医生将使用这些器械，将睾丸自周围一些组织中释放出来。然后，在阴囊底部再做一个切口，将器械插入该切口，将睾丸拉入阴囊，使用缝线将睾丸固定在阴囊内。

Finally, the incisions will be closed. The stitches may be covered with skin closure tape, gauze, or bandages. 

最后，缝合切口，使用皮肤封闭带、纱布或绷带包扎缝合部位。

Sometimes, the blood vessels going to an undescended testicle aren't long enough to allow the testicle to be pulled down into the scrotum. In this case, the baby may need two surgical procedures. 

有时，通向隐睾的血管长度不足以将睾丸拉入阴囊。在这种情况下，患儿可能需要两次手术。

During the first procedure, some of the shorter blood vessels will be tied off. As time passes, other blood vessels will take over, supplying blood to the testicle. 

第一次手术中，结扎某些较短血管。随着时间的推移，其他血管将为睾丸供血。

Then, in the second procedure, the surgeon will divide the shorter blood vessels, which aren't needed anymore, and the testicle will be moved down into the scrotum. Stitches will hold the testicle in place within the scrotum. 

然后，在第二次手术中，医生将不再需要的较短血管离断，将睾丸拉入阴囊中，使用缝线将睾丸固定在阴囊内。

To find out more about orchiopexy procedures, talk to your doctor.

更多关于睾丸固定术的信息，请咨询医生。