灵枢·营卫生会
Miraculous Pivot·The Generation and Convergence of Nutritive Qi and Defensive Qi
黄帝问于岐伯曰：人焉受气？阴阳焉会？何气为营？何气为卫？营安从生？卫于焉会？老壮不同气，阴阳异位，愿闻其会。The Yellow Emperor asked Qi Bo, saying: "How does a person receive qi? Where do yin and yang meet? Which qi is called Ying (Nutritive Qi)? Which qi is called Wei (Defensive Qi)? How is Ying qi generated? Where do Wei qi meet? The qi of the elderly and the young is different, and yin and yang are in different positions. I would like to hear about their meetings."
黄帝问岐伯说：人是从什么地方得到的精气？阴阳是在哪里交会？什么气为营气？什么气为卫气？营卫二气是从哪里生成的？卫气又是如何与营气交会的？老人和壮年人气的盛衰不相同，营卫二气的运行部位也不同，我想知道他们是如何会合的。
岐伯答曰：人受气于谷，谷入于胃，以传与肺，五脏六腑，皆以受气，其清者为营，浊者为卫，营在脉中，卫在脉外，营周不休，五十而复大会，阴阳相贯，如环无端。Qi Bo replied: "A person receives qi from grains. Grains enter the stomach and are then transmitted to the lungs. All the five zang-organs and six fu-organs receive qi in this way. The clear part becomes Ying qi, and the turbid part becomes Wei qi. Ying qi is in the vessels, while Wei qi is outside the vessels. Ying qi circulates continuously without rest. After fifty circulations, it has a grand reunion. Yin and yang are interconnected like a ring without an end."
岐伯回答说：人身的营卫之气是由水谷产生的，水谷进入胃中，化生为水谷精气，水谷精气传至肺，再借肺气的输布功能传送周身，从而五脏六腑皆可接受水谷精气。其水谷精气中清轻而富于营养作用者为营气，其中重浊而剽悍者为卫气，营气循行在经脉之中，卫气行于经脉之外，营卫二气没有休止地循行运转，一昼夜运行人体五十周次，然后会合一次。由此，沿着阴经、阳经交替循环运转，没有终止。
卫气行于阴二十五度，行于阳二十五度，分为昼夜，故气至阳而起，至阴而止。Wei qi travels through yin for twenty-five times and through yang for twenty-five times, dividing day and night. Therefore, qi rises when it reaches yang and stops when it reaches yin.
卫气的循行是夜间行于内脏二十五周，白天循行于阳经也是二十五周，以此而分出了昼夜。卫气行于阳经时，人便醒来开始活动；夜间气行于内脏时，人体就进入睡眠状态了。
故曰，日中而阳陇为重阳，夜半而阴陇为重阴。So it is said that at noon, when yang is at its peak, it is called double yang; at midnight, when yin is at its peak, it is called double yin.
中午的时候，因为卫气都从内脏运转到了阳经，阳经的卫气最盛，故称为重阳；夜半时因为卫气都从阳经转运到了内脏，内脏的卫气最盛而称为重阴。
故，太阴主内，太阳主外，各行二十五度，分为昼夜。Therefore, Taiyin governs the interior, and Taiyang governs the exterior. Each travels twenty-five times, dividing day and night.
营气行于脉中，起于手太阴肺经又终于手太阴肺经，因此说太阴经主持营气的运行；卫气行于脉外，始于足太阳膀胱经又止于足太阳膀胱经，所以说太阳经主持卫气的运行。营气周流十二经，昼夜各二十五周次，卫气昼行于阳，夜行于阴，亦各二十五周次，划分昼夜各半。
夜半为阴陇，夜半后而为阴衰，平旦阴尽而阳受气矣。At midnight, yin is at its peak. After midnight, yin begins to wane. At daybreak, yin is exhausted and yang begins to receive qi.
夜半阴气最盛为阴陇，夜半过后则阴气渐衰，待到黎明时阴气已衰尽，而阳气渐盛。
日中而（别本作为）阳陇，日西而阳衰，日入阳尽而阴受气矣。At noon (in some other versions, it is written as), yang is at its peak. In the afternoon, yang begins to wane. At sunset, yang is exhausted and yin begins to receive qi.
中午阳气最盛为阳陇，夕阳西下时阳气渐衰，黄昏之时阳气已衰尽，而阴气渐盛。
夜半而大会，万民皆卧，命曰合阴，平旦阴尽而阳受气，如是无已，与天地同纪。At midnight, there is a grand reunion. All people are sleeping, and this is called the convergence of yin. At daybreak, yin is exhausted and yang begins to receive qi. This goes on endlessly, following the same pattern as heaven and earth.
夜半时，营气和卫气皆在阴分运行，正是二者相互会合的时候，人在这时都已经入睡了，因此称为合阴。到黎明的时候内脏卫气衰尽，而阳经卫气开始运行。就是这样没有终止，如同天地日月一样有规律。
黄帝曰：老人之不夜瞑者，何气使然？少壮之人，不昼瞑者，何气使然？The Yellow Emperor asked: "Why do old people have trouble sleeping at night? And why don't young and strong people fall asleep during the day?"
黄帝说：老人在夜里睡眠不安是什么原因造成的呢？年轻人白天精力充沛，又是什么原理呢？
岐伯答曰：壮者之气血盛，其肌肉滑，气道通，营卫之行不失其常，故昼精而夜瞑。Qi Bo replied: "The qi and blood of the young and strong are abundant. Their muscles are smooth, and the qi passages are unobstructed. The circulation of Ying and Wei qi follows its normal pattern. Therefore, they are energetic during the day and can sleep well at night."
岐伯回答说：年轻力壮的人气血盛满，肌肉滑利，气道就通畅，营气和卫气就能很正常的运行，因此白天能精力充沛，夜里睡眠也安稳。
老者之气血衰，其肌肉枯，气道涩，五脏之气相抟，其营气衰少而卫气内伐，故昼不精，夜不瞑。The qi and blood of the elderly are declining. Their muscles are withered, and the qi passages are blocked. The qi of the five zang-organs contends with each other. Their Ying qi is diminished, and Wei qi attacks inward. Therefore, they are not energetic during the day and cannot sleep well at night.
而老年人气血衰弱，肌肉枯槁，其气道就艰涩不通，五脏之气不能相互沟通和协调，营气衰少，卫气内扰，营卫失调，不能以正常规律运行，因此表现为白天精力不充沛，而夜里难以入睡。
黄帝曰：愿闻营卫之所行，皆何道从来？The Yellow Emperor said: "I would like to hear about the pathways through which Ying and Wei qi circulate."
黄帝说：我想知道营气和卫气，都是从什么地方发出的呢？
岐伯答曰：营出于中焦，卫出于上焦。Qi Bo replied: "Ying qi originates from the middle jiao, and Wei qi originates from the upper jiao."
岐伯回答说：营气出自于中焦，卫气出自于上焦。
黄帝曰：愿闻三焦之所出。The Yellow Emperor said: "I would like to hear about the origin of the three jiao."
黄帝说：我想听您说说三焦之气从何而起，又是如何运行的呢？
岐伯答曰：上焦出于胃上口，并咽以上，贯膈，而布胸中，走腋，循太阴之分而行，还至（别本作注）（手）阳明，上至舌，下（注）足阳明，常与营俱行于阳二十五度，行于阴亦二十五度，一周也。故五十度而复大会于手太阴矣。Qi Bo replied: "The upper jiao starts from the upper opening of the stomach, along with the pharynx and above, penetrates the diaphragm, and spreads in the chest. It travels to the armpit, follows the pathway of Taiyin, and then returns to (in some other versions, it is written as injecting into) (Hand) Yangming. It ascends to the tongue and descends (injecting) into Foot Yangming. It always circulates with Ying qi through yang for twenty-five times and through yin for twenty-five times, which is one cycle. Therefore, after fifty times, it has a grand reunion at Hand Taiyin."
岐伯回答说：上焦之气起于胃的上口，走咽部上行并布散于胸中，经过腋下，沿手太阴肺经的走向运行，在手指尖交会于手阳明大肠经，向上到达舌，又交会于足阳明胃经而循经运行。上焦之气通常与营气并行于阳二十五周，行于阴也是二十五周，一个昼夜是一个循环，共行五十周，而后又回到手太阴肺经完成一个循环。
黄帝曰：人有热饮食下胃，其气未定，汗则出，或出于面，或出于背，或出于身半，其不循卫气之道而出，何也？The Yellow Emperor said: "When a person eats hot food and drinks, before the qi in the stomach is settled, sweat may come out, either on the face, on the back, or on half of the body. Why doesn't it follow the normal pathway of Wei qi to come out?"
黄帝说：有的人食用很热的饮食，刚刚吃下，还没有转化为水谷精气（即认为尚未转化为营卫之气），就已经出汗了，有的是面部出汗，有的是背部出汗，有的是半身出汗，都不是按照卫气的化生和循行的通路，这是什么原因呢？
岐伯曰：此外伤于风，内开腠理，毛蒸理泄，卫气走之，固不得循其道，此气慓悍滑疾，见开而出，故不得从其道，故命曰漏泄。Qi Bo said: "This is because of external injury by wind. The striae of the skin are opened internally. The hair is steamed and the striae are relaxed. Wei qi rushes in, so it cannot follow its normal pathway. This qi is fierce, slippery, and fast. It rushes out when it sees an opening. Therefore, it cannot follow its normal pathway, and this is called leakage."
岐伯说：这是由于在外受到了风邪的侵袭，在内又受食热之气的影响导致腠理开泄，毛孔张大而汗液蒸腾，在肌表腠理疏松的地方，卫气流泄，也就不能按照原来的通路循行了。卫气的性质为彪悍滑利，行走迅速，遇到开放的孔道就会流泄而出，这种情况下就不能沿卫气本来循行的通路运行，这就命名为漏泄。
黄帝曰：愿闻中焦之所出。The Yellow Emperor said: "I would like to hear about the origin of the middle jiao."
黄帝说：我想知道中焦之气是从什么地方发出呢？
岐伯答曰：中焦亦并胃中，出上焦之后，此所受气者，泌糟粕，蒸津液，化其精微，上注于肺脉，乃化而为血，以奉生身，莫贵于此，故独得行于经隧，命曰营气。Qi Bo replied: "The middle jiao is also combined with the stomach. It comes out after the upper jiao. The qi it receives is used to secrete the dregs, steam the body fluids, transform the refined essence, and inject it into the lung vessels. Then it is transformed into blood to nourish the body. There is nothing more precious than this. Therefore, it alone can travel through the meridians and is called Ying qi."
岐伯回答说：中焦之气也是出自胃的上口，位置在上焦的下面，中焦所受的水谷之气，经过排泌糟粕、蒸发津液，而将化生出精微的物质，上行注于肺脉，同时将水谷化生的精微物质化为血液，以濡养全身。这种气是人身上最珍贵的物质，能够独自通行于十二经脉之中，名为营气。
黄帝曰：夫血之与气，异名同类。何谓也？The Yellow Emperor said: "Blood and qi have different names but are of the same kind. What does this mean?"
黄帝说：血和气，虽然名字不同，但却是同一类物质，这是什么意思呢？
岐伯答曰：营卫者，精气也。血者，神气也。故血之与气，异名同类焉。故夺血者无汗，夺汗者无血，故人生有两死而无两生。Qi Bo replied: "Ying and Wei are the essence qi. Blood is the spirit qi. Therefore, blood and qi have different names but are of the same kind. Therefore, those who lose blood should not sweat, and those who lose sweat should not lose blood. Therefore, a person may die from either losing blood or losing sweat, but there is no way to survive from losing both."
岐伯回答说：营气和卫气都是源自水谷精气，血是神气的物质基础，也是水谷精气化生，因此血与营卫之气，只是不同名，却是同一类的物质。因此说血液耗伤过度的人不能再发其汗，因为汗脱则卫气亦伤；脱汗而伤卫气的人也不能再用活血、放血的疗法。所以，如果既脱汗又亡血则死，仅有脱汗或仅有失血则尚存生机。
黄帝曰：愿闻下焦之所出。The Yellow Emperor said: "I would like to hear about the origin of the lower jiao."
黄帝说：我想知道下焦之气所发出的地方。
岐伯答曰：下焦者，别回肠，注于膀胱而渗入焉。故水谷者，常并居于胃中，成糟粕，而俱下于大肠，而成下焦，渗而俱下，济泌别汁，循下焦而渗入膀胱焉。Qi Bo replied: "The lower jiao separates the ileum and injects into the bladder for infiltration. Therefore, water and grains are usually stored together in the stomach, form dregs, and all go down to the large intestine to form the lower jiao. They infiltrate and go down together, separate the juice, and follow the lower jiao to infiltrate into the bladder."
岐伯回答说：下焦之气出在胃的下口，沿大肠曲折下行，又将水液注入膀胱，逐渐渗泄。所以水谷等饮食物质，经常贮存在胃中，经过消化，形成的糟粕向下输送至大肠，受到下焦之气的控制，并将其中的水液在大肠中泌分清、浊，清者由下焦之气送入膀胱，浊者排出体外。
黄帝曰：人饮酒，酒亦入胃，谷未熟而小便独先下，何也？The Yellow Emperor said: "When a person drinks alcohol, the alcohol also enters the stomach. Why does the urine come out first before the grains are digested?"
黄帝说：人饮酒的时候，酒也是与水谷一起入胃的，但是为什么水谷尚未运化完，而小便已经先下来了呢？
岐伯答曰：酒者，熟谷之液也。其气悍以清，故后谷而入，先谷而液出焉。Qi Bo replied: "Alcohol is the liquid of cooked grains. Its qi is fierce and clear. Therefore, it enters after the grains but the liquid comes out before the grains are digested."
岐伯回答说：酒是粮食酿造出来的液体（即已经经过了人为的腐熟），其气强劲而且滑利（类似于卫气），所以即使是在水谷之后而食入，却能在食物消化完之前就成为水液排出了。
黄帝曰：善。余闻上焦如雾，中焦如沤，下焦如渎，此之谓也。The Yellow Emperor said: "Good." I have heard that the upper jiao is like mist, the middle jiao is like a retting pool, and the lower jiao is like a ditch. This is what it means.
黄帝说：很对！我曾听说，人体内上焦（心、肺）的作用为升化蒸腾，就像天空的雾露一样，轻清弥漫；中焦（脾、胃）的作用为腐熟谷物，就像在水中沤浸一样能使食物之发生变化；下焦（肾、膀胱、大肠）的作用为决渎流通，就像沟渠一样，不断地将水液和糟粕排出体外，就是这个道理。
