资治通鉴·汉纪一 4:良因说汉王烧绝所过栈道,以备诸侯盗兵,且示项羽无东意。

文摘   2024-11-14 19:23   重庆  

项羽使人致命怀王,怀王曰:“如约。”Xiang Yu sent someone to report back to King Huai of Chu for instructions. King Huai said, "Act according to the previous agreement."

项羽怒曰:“怀王者,吾家所立耳,非有功伐,何以得专主约!Xiang Yu was angry and said, "King Huai was merely set up by my family. He has no military achievements. Why should he alone be in charge of the agreement?

天下初发难时,假立诸侯后以伐秦。When the uprising first began in the world, the descendants of the feudal lords were temporarily installed to attack the Qin Dynasty.

然身被坚执锐首事,暴露于野三年,灭秦定天下者,皆将相诸君与籍之力也。However, it was I who donned armor and grasped weapons to take the lead in the cause, exposed myself in the wilderness for three years. It was the efforts of all the generals and ministers and myself that destroyed the Qin Dynasty and pacified the world.

怀王虽无功,固当分其地而王之。”诸将皆曰:“善!”Although King Huai has no achievements, he should naturally be given a part of the land to be made a king." All the generals said, "Well said!"

春,正月,羽阳尊怀王为义帝,曰:“古之帝者,地方千里,必居上游。”乃徙义帝于江南,都郴。In spring, the first month, Xiang Yu nominally honored King Huai as the Righteous Emperor, saying, "In ancient times, an emperor's territory was a thousand li square, and he must live in the upper reaches." So he moved the Righteous Emperor to the south of the Yangtze River and made Chen his capital.

二月,羽分天下王诸将。羽自立为西楚霸王,王梁、楚地九郡,都彭城。In February, Xiang Yu divided the world and made the generals kings. Xiang Yu himself proclaimed himself the Hegemon-King of Western Chu, ruling over nine prefectures in the regions of Liang and Chu, with Pengcheng as his capital.

羽与范增疑沛公,而业已讲解,又恶负约,乃阴谋曰:“巴、蜀道险,秦之迁人皆居之。”Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng suspected Liu Bang, but since they had already reached an understanding and was also unwilling to bear the charge of breaking the agreement, they secretly plotted and said, "The roads in Ba and Shu are dangerous. Those exiled by the Qin Dynasty all lived there."

乃曰:“巴、蜀亦关中地也。”Then theye declared publicly: "The regions of Ba and Shu are also part of the land of Guanzhong."

故立沛公为汉王,王巴、蜀、汉中,都南郑。而三分关中,王秦降将,以距塞汉路。Therefore, they made Liu Bang the King of Han, ruling over Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong, with Nanzheng as his capital. And they divided Guanzhong into three parts and made the surrendered Qin generals kings to block the way of the Han.

章邯为雍王,王咸阳以西,都废丘。Zhang Han was made the King of Yong, ruling over the area west of Xianyang, with Feiqiu as his capital.

长史欣者,故为栎阳狱掾,尝有德于项梁;都尉董翳者,本劝章邯降楚。Chang Shi Xin used to be a prison official in Liyang. He had once done a favor to Xiang Liang. Duwei Dong Yi had originally persuaded Zhang Han to surrender to Chu.

故立欣为塞王,王咸阳以东,至河,都栎阳;立翳为翟王,王上郡,都高奴。So they made Xin the King of Sai, ruling over the area east of Xianyang up to the Yellow River, with Liyang as his capital. They made Yi the King of Di, ruling over Shangjun, with Gaonu as his capital.

项羽欲自取梁地,乃徙魏王豹为西魏王,王河东,都平阳。Xiang Yu wanted to take the land of Liang for himself, so he moved Wei Wang Bao to be the King of Western Wei, ruling over the area east of the Yellow River, with Pingyang as his capital.

瑕丘申阳者,张耳嬖臣也,先下河南郡,迎楚河上,故立申阳为河南王,都洛阳。Shen Yang of Xiaqiu was a favorite minister of Zhang Er. He was the first to capture Henan Prefecture and welcomed the Chu army on the Yellow River. So they made Shen Yang the King of Henan, with Luoyang as his capital.

韩王成因故都,都阳翟。Han Wang Cheng remained in his former capital, with Yangzhai as his capital.

赵将司马卬定河内,数有功,故立卬为殷王,王河内,都朝歌。徙赵王歇为代王。Sima Ang, a general of Zhao, pacified Henei and had many military achievements. So they made Ang the King of Yin, ruling over Henei, with Zhaoge as his capital. They moved Zhao Wang Xie to be the King of Dai.

赵相张耳素贤,又从入关,故立耳为常山王,王赵地,治襄国。Zhang Er, the prime minister of Zhao, was always virtuous and had also entered the pass along with others. So they made Er the King of Changshan, ruling over the land of Zhao, with Xiangguo as his ruling center.

当阳君黥布为楚将,常冠军,故立布为九江王,都六。Qing Bu, the Lord of Dangyang, was a general of Chu and often led the troops to victory. So they made Bu the King of Jiujiang, with Liu as his capital.

番君吴芮率百越佐诸侯,又从入关,故立芮为衡山王,都邾。Wu Rui, the Lord of Fan, led the Baiyue tribes to assist the feudal lords and also entered the pass along with others. So they made Rui the King of Hengshan, with Zhu as his capital.

义帝柱国共敖将军击南郡,功多,因立敖为临江王,都江陵。Gong Ao, the Pillar State of the Righteous Emperor, led his troops to attack Nanjun and had many military achievements. So they made Ao the King of Linjiang, with Jiangling as his capital.

徙燕王韩广为辽东王,都无终。燕将臧荼从楚救赵,因从入关,故立荼为燕王,都蓟。They moved Han Guang, the King of Yan, to be the King of Liaodong, with Wuzhong as his capital. Zang Tu, a general of Yan, followed the Chu army to rescue Zhao and then entered the pass along with others. So they made Tu the King of Yan, with Ji as his capital.

徙齐王田市为胶东王,都即墨。齐将田都从楚救赵,因从入关,故立都为齐王,都临菑。They moved Tian Shi, the King of Qi, to be the King of Jiaodong, with Jimo as his capital. Tian Du, a general of Qi, followed the Chu army to rescue Zhao and then entered the pass along with others. So they made Du the King of Qi, with Linzi as his capital.

项羽方渡河救赵,田安下济北数城,引其兵降项羽,故立安为济北王,都博阳。When Xiang Yu was crossing the river to rescue Zhao, Tian An captured several cities in Jibei and led his troops to surrender to Xiang Yu. So they made An the King of Jibei, with Boyang as his capital.

田荣数负项梁,又不肯将兵从楚击秦,以故不封。Tian Rong had repeatedly let down Xiang Liang and was also unwilling to lead his troops to follow the Chu army to attack the Qin Dynasty. For this reason, he was not enfeoffed.

成安君陈馀弃将印去,不从入关,亦不封。Chen Yu, the Lord of Cheng'an, abandoned his general's seal and left, and did not enter the pass along with others. He was also not enfeoffed.

客多说项羽曰:“张耳、陈馀,一体有功于赵,今耳为王,馀不可以不封。”Many advisers persuaded Xiang Yu, saying, "Zhang Er and Chen Yu have both made contributions to Zhao. Now that Zhang Er is made a king, Chen Yu cannot be left unenfeoffed."

羽不得已,闻其在南皮,因环封之三县。Xiang Yu had no choice. Hearing that Chen Yu was in Nanpi, he enfeoffed him with three counties around.

番君将梅鋗功多,封十万户侯。Mei Xuan, a general of the Lord of Fan, had many military achievements and was enfeoffed as a marquis with a fief of one hundred thousand households.

汉王怒,欲攻项羽,周勃、灌婴、樊哙皆劝之。Liu Bang was angry and wanted to attack Xiang Yu. Zhou Bo, Guan Ying, and Fan Kuai all advised him against it.

萧何谏曰:“虽王汉中之恶,不犹愈于死乎?”Xiao He remonstrated, saying, "Even if being made the King of Han in the middle of nowhere is not as good as being dead?"

汉王曰:“何为乃死也?”Liu Bang said, "Why would it be like being dead?"

何曰:“今众弗如,百战百败,不死何为!夫能诎于一人之下而信于万乘之上者,汤、武是也。Xiao He said, "Now our forces are inferior. We would be defeated in a hundred battles. What else would we do but die! Those who can submit to one person and be trusted by the ruler of a great state are Tang and Wu.

臣愿大王王汉中,养其民以致贤人,收用巴、蜀,还定三秦,天下可图也。”I hope Your Majesty will go to Hanzhong to be the king, nourish the people there to attract the wise, gather and use the resources of Ba and Shu, and then return to pacify the Three Qin regions. Then the world can be conquered."

汉王曰:“善!”乃遂就国,以何为丞相。Liu Bang said, "Well said!" So he went to his fief, and made Xiao He his prime minister.

汉王赐张良金百镒,珠二斗;良具以献项伯。Liu Bang bestowed on Zhang Liang one hundred yi of gold and two dou of pearls. Zhang Liang presented them all to Xiang Bo.

汉王亦因令良厚遗项伯,使尽请汉中地,项王许之。Liu Bang also ordered Zhang Liang to bestow generous gifts on Xiang Bo, asking him to request as much of the Hanzhong land as possible. Xiang Yu agreed.

夏,四月,诸侯罢戏下兵,各就国。项王使卒三万人从汉王之国。In summer, the fourth month, the feudal lords dismissed their troops under the command of Xiang Yu and each went to their fiefs. Xiang Yu sent thirty thousand soldiers to accompany Liu Bang to his fief.

楚与诸侯之慕从者数万人,从杜南入蚀中。Tens of thousands of people from Chu and those who were willing to follow from other feudal lords entered the Erosion Pass from the south of Du.

张良送至褒中,汉王遣良归韩;Zhang Liang escorted Liu Bang to Baozhong. Liu Bang sent Zhang Liang back to Han.

良因说汉王烧绝所过栈道,以备诸侯盗兵,且示项羽无东意。Zhang Liang then advised Liu Bang to burn the plank roads along the way to prevent the feudal lords from raiding with their troops and to show Xiang Yu that he had no intention of going east.

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